Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Dec 9;8(12):e18316. doi: 10.2196/18316.
Lifestyle-related diseases, such as stroke, heart disease, and diabetes, are examples of noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases are now the leading cause of death in the world, and their major causes are lifestyle related. The number of eHealth interventions is increasing, which is expected to improve individuals' health literacy on lifestyle-related diseases.
This literature review aims to identify existing literature published in the past decade on eHealth interventions aimed at improving health literacy on lifestyle-related diseases among the general population using selected visual methods, such as educational videos, films, and movies.
A systematic literature search of the PubMed database was conducted in April 2019 for papers written in English and published from April 2, 2009, through April 2, 2019. A total of 538 papers were identified and screened in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow diagram. Finally, 23 papers were included in this review.
The 23 papers were characterized according to study characteristics (author and year of publication, study design and region where the study was conducted, study objective, service platform, target disease and participant age, research period, outcomes, and research method); the playback time of the educational videos, films, and movies; and the evaluation of the study's impacts on health literacy. A total of 7 studies compared results using statistical methods. Of these, 5 studies reported significant positive effects of the intervention on health literacy and health-related measures (eg, physical activity, body weight). Although most of the studies included educational content aimed at improving health literacy, only 7 studies measured health literacy. In addition, only 5 studies assessed literacy using health literacy measurement tools.
This review found that the provision of educational content was satisfactory in most eHealth studies using selected visual methods, such as videos, films, and movies. These findings suggest that eHealth interventions influence people's health behaviors and that the need for this intervention is expected to increase. Despite the need to develop eHealth interventions, standardized measurement tools to evaluate health literacy are lacking. Further research is required to clarify acceptable health literacy measurements.
中风、心脏病和糖尿病等与生活方式相关的疾病是 非传染性疾病的范例。非传染性疾病目前是世界范围内的主要死因，其主要病因与生活方式有关。电子健康干预措施的数量正在增加，预计这将提高人们对与生活方式相关疾病的健康素养。
本文献综述旨在确定过去十年中发表的关于电子健康干预措施的现有文献，这些干预措施旨在通过使用选定的视觉方法（如教育视频、电影和短片）来提高普通人群对与生活方式相关疾病的健康素养。
2019 年 4 月，我们对 PubMed 数据库进行了系统的文献检索，检索的文献为 2009 年 4 月 2 日至 2019 年 4 月 2 日期间发表的英文文献。根据 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）流程图，共确定并筛选了 538 篇论文。最终，有 23 篇论文纳入本综述。
这 23 篇论文根据研究特征（作者和发表年份、研究设计和研究开展地区、研究目的、服务平台、目标疾病和参与者年龄、研究期限、结果以及研究方法）、教育视频、电影和短片的播放时间以及对研究对健康素养影响的评估进行了描述。共有 7 项研究使用统计方法比较了结果。其中，有 5 项研究报告了干预措施对健康素养和健康相关指标（如体力活动、体重）的显著积极影响。尽管大多数研究都包含了旨在提高健康素养的教育内容，但只有 7 项研究测量了健康素养。此外，只有 5 项研究使用健康素养测量工具评估了读写能力。
本综述发现，在使用选定的视觉方法（如视频、电影和短片）的大多数电子健康研究中，提供教育内容的效果令人满意。这些发现表明，电子健康干预措施影响人们的健康行为，而且这种干预措施的需求预计会增加。尽管需要开发电子健康干预措施，但缺乏用于评估健康素养的标准化测量工具。需要进一步的研究来明确可接受的健康素养测量方法。
