Okwara B U, Ogboghodo E O, Osaigbovo I I, Obaseki D E, Omuemu C E, Oduware E, Osemwenkhai M
Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, PMB 1111, Edo State,Nigeria.
Community Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, PMB 1111, Edo State,Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2020 Dec;37(7):715-720.
Information pertaining to the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa remains sparse. In Nigeria, it is limited to few isolated reports and case series confined to the early phase of the outbreak. The objective of this study is to describe the presenting characteristics, co-morbidities and outcomes of Nigerian patients managed over a 3-month period in a tertiary hospital.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving the total population of patients with laboratory confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria from March 31 to June 30, 2020. Data was collected using a review of patients' records. Analysis was by IBM SPSS version 25.0. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
A total of 173 patients with mean age (SD) 50.7± 20.1 years were managed. One hundred and five (60.7%) were males and the commonest age group was 20-39 years (34.7%). The commonest presenting symptoms were fever, cough and malaise found in 103 (71.5%), 101 (70.1%) and 63 (43.8%) patients respectively. Twenty-five (14.5%) patients had severe disease; 60 (34.7%) had underlying medical conditions mostly hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Outcome analyses showed 117 (67.6%) discharges, 45 (26.0%) deaths, 10 (5.8%) discharges against medical advice, and 1 (0.6%) transfer to another facility. Male sex (p=0.044), increasing age (p<0.001), presence of symptoms (p=0.010), presence of co-morbidities (p=0.010) and non-healthcare worker status (p< 0.001) were significantly associated with mortality.
The first epidemiological and clinical summary of COVID-19 cases in Edo state, Nigeria over a three-month period is presented showing globally recognized patterns of male predilection and higher mortality with increasing age and co-morbidity.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区有关新冠病毒病（COVID-19）临床特征的信息仍然匮乏。在尼日利亚，相关信息仅限于少数孤立的报告以及局限于疫情早期阶段的病例系列。本研究的目的是描述在一家三级医院接受治疗的尼日利亚患者在3个月期间的临床表现、合并症及治疗结果。
这是一项描述性横断面研究，纳入了2020年3月31日至6月30日在尼日利亚江户州贝宁大学教学医院实验室确诊为COVID-19的所有患者。通过查阅患者记录收集数据。采用IBM SPSS 25.0版进行分析。显著性水平设定为p < 0.05。
共管理了173例患者，平均年龄（标准差）为50.7±20.1岁。其中105例（60.7%）为男性，最常见的年龄组为20 - 39岁（34.7%）。最常见的临床表现分别为发热、咳嗽和不适，各有103例（71.5%）、101例（70.1%）和63例（43.8%）患者出现这些症状。25例（14.5%）患者病情严重；60例（34.7%）有基础疾病，主要是高血压和糖尿病。治疗结果分析显示，117例（67.6%）出院，45例（26.0%）死亡，10例（5.8%）违反医嘱出院，1例（0.6%）转至其他医疗机构。男性（p = 0.044）、年龄增加（p < 0.001）、出现症状（p = 0.010）、存在合并症（p = 0.010）以及非医护人员身份（p < 0.001）与死亡率显著相关。
本研究呈现了尼日利亚江户州3个月期间COVID-19病例的首次流行病学和临床总结，显示出全球公认的男性易感性模式，以及随着年龄增长和合并症增加死亡率升高的情况。
