Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, F045, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2021 Feb;66:193-198. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.11.003. Epub 2020 Dec 6.
The centrosome is present in most animal cells and functions as the major microtubule-organizing center to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during cell division. As cells transition from interphase to mitosis, the duplicated centrosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell where the spindle assembles. Centrosomes not only nucleate but also organize microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The mitotic spindle is anchored to the cell cortex by the astral microtubules emanating from the centrosomes. Proper orientation of the mitotic spindle is essential for correct cell division. Centrosome-localized polo-like kinase Plk1 has been linked to regulation of proper spindle orientation. A number of proteins including MISP and NuMA have been implicated in the Plk1-mediated spindle orientation pathway.
中心体存在于大多数动物细胞中，作为主要的微管组织中心，确保在细胞分裂过程中染色体的正确分离。当细胞从间期进入有丝分裂时，复制的中心体分离并移动到细胞的相对侧，纺锤体在此组装。中心体不仅起始微管的形成，还组织纺锤体的微管。有丝分裂纺锤体通过从中心体发出的星体微管锚定在细胞皮层上。有丝分裂纺锤体的正确取向对于正确的细胞分裂至关重要。定位于中心体的 Polo 样激酶 Plk1 已被证明与正确的纺锤体取向调节有关。许多蛋白质，包括 MISP 和 NuMA，都被牵连到 Plk1 介导的纺锤体定向途径中。
