Grindle Daniel, Pak Wansoo, Guleyupoglu Berkan, Koya Bharath, Gayzik F Scott, Song Eric, Untaroiu Costin
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2021 Mar;235(3):300-313. doi: 10.1177/0954411920976223. Epub 2020 Dec 10.
The pedestrian is one of the most vulnerable road users and comprises approximately 23% of the road crash-related fatalities in the world. To protect pedestrians during Car-to-Pedestrian Collisions (CPC), subsystem impact tests are used in regulations. These tests provide insight but cannot characterize the complex vehicle-pedestrian interaction. The main purpose of this study was to develop and validate a detailed pedestrian Finite Element (FE) model corresponding to a 50th percentile male to predict CPC induced injuries. The model geometry was reconstructed using a multi-modality protocol from medical images and exterior scan data corresponding to a mid-sized male volunteer. To investigate injury response, this model included internal organs, muscles and vessels. The lower extremity, shoulder and upper body of the model were validated against Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) test data in valgus bending, and lateral/anterior-lateral blunt impacts, respectively. The whole-body pedestrian model was validated in CPC simulations using a mid-sized sedan and simplified generic vehicles bucks and previously unpublished PMHS coronal knee angle data. In the component validations, the responses of the FE model were mostly within PMHS test corridors and in whole body validations the kinematic and injury responses predicted by the model showed similar trends to PMHS test data. Overall, the detailed model showed higher biofidelity, especially in the upper body regions, compared to a previously reported simplified pedestrian model, which recommends using it in future pedestrian automotive safety research.
行人是道路上最脆弱的使用者之一，约占全球道路交通事故相关死亡人数的23%。为了在汽车与行人碰撞（CPC）过程中保护行人，法规中采用了子系统碰撞测试。这些测试能提供一定见解，但无法描述复杂的车辆与行人相互作用。本研究的主要目的是开发并验证一个对应第50百分位男性的详细行人有限元（FE）模型，以预测CPC导致的损伤。使用多模态协议，根据一名中等身材男性志愿者的医学图像和外部扫描数据重建了模型几何形状。为了研究损伤反应，该模型包括了内部器官、肌肉和血管。分别针对外翻弯曲以及外侧/前外侧钝性撞击情况下的尸体人类替身（PMHS）测试数据，对模型的下肢、肩部和上身进行了验证。使用一辆中型轿车和简化的通用车辆碰撞试验台以及之前未发表的PMHS冠状位膝关节角度数据，在CPC模拟中对全身行人模型进行了验证。在部件验证中，有限元模型的响应大多在PMHS测试范围内，在全身验证中，模型预测的运动学和损伤反应与PMHS测试数据显示出相似趋势。总体而言，与之前报道的简化行人模型相比，该详细模型具有更高的生物逼真度，尤其是在上身区域，这建议在未来的行人汽车安全研究中使用该模型。
