在实验室条件下评估潜在杀螨剂对瓦螨和蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)的毒性。
Evaluation of potential miticide toxicity to Varroa destructor and honey bees, Apis mellifera, under laboratory conditions.
机构信息
Plant and Bee Health Surveillance Section, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, 17507 Fort Road NW, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 9;10(1):21529. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78561-2.
The honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is the world's most important managed pollinator of agricultural crops, however, Varroa mite, Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, infestation has threatened honey bee survivorship. Low efficacy and development of Varroa mite resistance to currently used Varroacides has increased the demand for innovative, effective treatment tool options that exhibit high efficacy, while minimizing adverse effects on honey bee fitness. In this investigation, the toxicity of 16 active ingredients and 9 formulated products of registered miticides for use on crops from 12 chemical families were evaluated in comparison to amitraz on Varroa mites and honey bees using contact surface and topical exposures. It was found that fenpyroximate (93% mortality), spirotetramat (84% mortality) and spirodiclofen (70% mortality) had greater toxicity to Varroa mites, but high dose rates caused high bee mortality (> 60%). With this in mind, further research is needed to investigate other options to minimize the adverse effect of these compounds on bees. The results also found high toxicity of fenazaquin and etoxazole against Varroa mites causing 92% and 69% mortality, respectively; and were found to be safe on honey bees. Collectively, it is recommended that fenazaquin and etoxazole are candidates for a potential Varroacide and recommended for further testing against Varroa mites at the colony level.
蜜蜂,Apis mellifera L.,是世界上最重要的农业作物管理传粉媒介,然而,瓦螨,Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman,的侵袭已经威胁到蜜蜂的生存。目前用于瓦螨的杀螨剂的效果低且对瓦螨的抗药性发展增加了对创新、有效治疗工具选择的需求,这些选择具有高效性,同时最大限度地减少对蜜蜂健康的不利影响。在这项研究中,对 12 个化学家族的作物上使用的 16 种活性成分和 9 种已注册杀螨剂产品进行了评估,与触面和局部暴露的咪鲜胺相比,评估了这些杀螨剂对瓦螨和蜜蜂的毒性。结果发现,吡丙醚(93%死亡率)、螺虫乙酯(84%死亡率)和螺甲螨酯(70%死亡率)对瓦螨的毒性更大,但高剂量率会导致蜜蜂死亡率升高(>60%)。考虑到这一点,需要进一步研究其他选择,以尽量减少这些化合物对蜜蜂的不利影响。研究结果还发现,芬普尼和乙螨唑对瓦螨具有高毒性,分别导致 92%和 69%的死亡率,并且对蜜蜂是安全的。总之,建议芬普尼和乙螨唑是潜在的杀螨剂候选物,并建议进一步在群体水平上针对瓦螨进行测试。