Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Laboratório de Biologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 10;15(12):e0243393. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243393. eCollection 2020.
The study of complementary sources of biological variation (e.g. morphological, molecular) has allowed a better understanding of biodiversity through the construction of an integrative taxonomy. Using this approach, specimens from the Paranapiacaba Mountains, southeastern Brazil, were studied to update the knowledge on the stonefly family Perlidae from the region, characterize the species, and make associations between nymphs and adults using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The study also discusses the implications of integrative taxonomy and teneral specimens for the study of South American Perlidae. The molecular data were analyzed using Bayesian inference, Neighbor-joining, and delimiting species methods. Our results revealed that, in general, there was a morphological and molecular congruence between species. In the Paranapiacaba Mountains, three genera and 15 species were recorded: Anacroneuria boraceiensis Froehlich 2004, A. debilis (Pictet 1841) (new record), A. fiorentini De Ribeiro and Froehlich 2007 (new record), A. flintorum Froehlich 2002, A. iporanga Bispo and Froehlich 2004, A. itajaimirim Bispo and Froehlich 2004, A. polita (Burmeister 1913), A. subcostalis Klapálek 1921, A. tupi Bispo and Froehlich 2004 (with a description of the nymph), Kempnyia auberti Froehlich 1996, K. colossica (Navás 1934), K. flava Klapálek 1916, K. neotropica (Jacobson and Bianchi 1905) (including its new junior synonym K. petersorum Froehlich 1996), Kempnyia sp., and Macrogynoplax veneranda Froehlich 1984. COI sequences were obtained for 11 species, five of which had nymphs associated with adults. Among the five associated nymphs, the nymph of A. tupi is described here. The results of this study indicate that the color of adult teneral specimens differs from that of mature specimens. Given this, the synonym of K. neotropica and K. petersorum was proposed since these species have high morphological and molecular similarities and differ only in color patterns. In addition, the previous record of A. petersi Froehlich 2002 from the Paranapiacaba Mountains was invalidated since it was considered a teneral specimen of A. flintorum. These results suggest that the development of an integrative taxonomy is essential to continue advancing the study of Perlidae diversity in South America.
研究生物变异的补充来源（例如形态学、分子学），通过构建综合分类学，使人们能够更好地理解生物多样性。采用这种方法，对巴西南部帕拉纳皮库巴山脉的标本进行了研究，更新了该地区石蝇科 Perlidae 的知识，对物种进行了特征描述，并利用线粒体细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I（COI）基因的一个片段将若虫和成虫联系起来。本研究还讨论了综合分类学和半干标本对南美 Perlidae 研究的意义。分子数据使用贝叶斯推断、邻接法和物种界定方法进行分析。研究结果表明，一般来说，形态学和分子学之间存在一致性。在帕拉纳皮库巴山脉，记录了三个属和 15 个物种：Anacroneuria boraceiensis Froehlich 2004、A. debilis（Pictet 1841）（新记录）、A. fiorentini De Ribeiro 和 Froehlich 2007（新记录）、A. flintorum Froehlich 2002、A. iporanga Bispo 和 Froehlich 2004、A. itajaimirim Bispo 和 Froehlich 2004、A. polita（Burmeister 1913）、A. subcostalis Klapálek 1921、A. tupi Bispo 和 Froehlich 2004（描述了若虫）、Kempnyia auberti Froehlich 1996、K. colossica（Navás 1934）、K. flava Klapálek 1916、K. neotropica（Jacobson 和 Bianchi 1905）（包括其新的同物异名 K. petersorum Froehlich 1996）、Kempnyia sp. 和 Macrogynoplax veneranda Froehlich 1984。获得了 11 个物种的 COI 序列，其中 5 个物种的成虫与若虫有关。在 5 个相关的若虫中，描述了 A. tupi 的若虫。本研究结果表明，成虫的半干标本颜色与成熟标本不同。因此，提出了 K. neotropica 和 K. petersorum 的同物异名，因为这些物种具有高度的形态学和分子相似性，仅在颜色模式上有所不同。此外，之前在帕拉纳皮库巴山脉记录的 A. petersi Froehlich 2002 被认为是 A. flintorum 的半干标本，因此被认为是无效的。这些结果表明，综合分类学的发展对于继续推进南美白石蝇科多样性的研究至关重要。
