Department of Urban Planning and Real Estate, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 8;17(24):9174. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249174.
Fear of crime has a negative impact on the mental health of individuals, limiting their physical and social abilities. Moreover, the prevalence of such fear in the neighborhood weakens the bonds between neighbors and the overall community network, thereby undermining social capital and impeding the city's sustainability. Disorder is a multilayered process shaped by type and spatial level and has a complex effect on fear of crime. Using a multilevel ordered logistic model, this study determines a more comprehensive cause of fear of crime by verifying the multilayered effects of disorder in Korea. The results include four main findings. First, people are relatively unaware of disorder occurring at the neighborhood level, and more sensitive to disorder at the city level. Second, social disorder has a more significant effect on fear of crime than physical disorder. Third, fear of crime is more affected by indirect factors than by direct factors and actual crimes. Finally, the impact of disorder on fear of crime is discriminatory, depending on the type and spatial structure. This study suggests that urban policy efforts focus more on indirect and macroscopic aspects in dealing with the decline of cities and managing issues related to social disorder.
犯罪恐惧对个人的心理健康产生负面影响，限制了他们的身体和社交能力。此外，邻里之间普遍存在这种恐惧，削弱了邻里之间以及整个社区网络之间的联系，从而破坏了社会资本并阻碍了城市的可持续发展。无序是一个由类型和空间层次塑造的多层次过程，对犯罪恐惧有复杂的影响。本研究通过验证韩国无序的多层次影响，使用多层次有序逻辑回归模型确定了更全面的犯罪恐惧原因。研究结果包括四项主要发现。首先，人们对邻里层面发生的无序相对缺乏意识，对城市层面的无序更加敏感。其次，社会无序对犯罪恐惧的影响大于物质无序。第三，犯罪恐惧受间接因素的影响大于直接因素和实际犯罪的影响。最后，无序对犯罪恐惧的影响具有歧视性，取决于类型和空间结构。本研究表明，城市政策努力在应对城市衰落和管理与社会无序相关的问题时，应更加关注间接和宏观方面。
