Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2021;15(3):245-255. doi: 10.2174/1872210514999201209214247.
The application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) to remediate soil and groundwater has gained increased attention within the last decade, primarily due to their high reactivity, cost-effectiveness and potential to treat a broad range of contaminants (e.g., chlorinated organic solvents, inorganic anions, or metals).
In this paper, the state of the art of applicability of nanomaterials, especially the most frequently used nZVI in soil and groundwater, is presented. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the current knowledge pertaining to the synthesis, employment, limitations, and risk of iron nanoparticles.
Therefore, the authors have reviewed and discussed the recent patents and papers related to the developments and approaches made on the synthesis of iron nanoparticles, emphasizing the justification of green synthesis methods. The studies related to the effective use of nanoparticles in remediating organic and inorganic contaminants are addressed. The potential limitations, challenges, and risks of this innovative nanoremediation technology are also discussed.
Studies suggest that nZVI have successfully been applied in nanoremediation; however, little is known about the particles' fate and impacts. Additionally, it has already been proven that synthesis and modification can largely determine the physicochemical and biological properties of the particles.
This review corroborates the suitability of nanoparticles in the remediation of contaminated media, simultaneously highlighting the work still needed to optimize the syntheses and careful use of such materials, concluding that comprehensive screenings should be performed prior to nZVI applications to assess their behavior and impact on the environment and living systems.
在过去的十年中，零价铁纳米颗粒（nZVI）在土壤和地下水中的修复应用引起了越来越多的关注，主要是因为它们具有高反应性、成本效益高以及能够处理广泛的污染物（例如，氯化有机溶剂、无机阴离子或金属）的潜力。
本文介绍了纳米材料（特别是在土壤和地下水中最常用的 nZVI）的应用现状。本文的目的是概述与铁纳米颗粒的合成、使用、限制和风险相关的现有知识。
因此，作者综述和讨论了与铁纳米颗粒的合成、强调绿色合成方法的合理性相关的最新专利和论文。讨论了纳米颗粒在修复有机和无机污染物方面的有效应用。还讨论了这种创新的纳米修复技术的潜在限制、挑战和风险。
研究表明，nZVI 已成功应用于纳米修复中；然而，对于颗粒的命运和影响知之甚少。此外，已经证明合成和修饰可以在很大程度上决定颗粒的物理化学和生物特性。
本综述证实了纳米颗粒在污染介质修复中的适用性，同时强调了仍需要优化合成和谨慎使用此类材料的工作，结论是在应用 nZVI 之前应进行全面筛选，以评估其对环境和生命系统的行为和影响。
