Director of Shenzhen Bohou Social Work Service Center, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Caulfield Pain Management and Research Centre, Caulfield Hospital, Caulfield, Victoria, Australia.
Int J Drug Policy. 2021 Jun;92:103063. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103063. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
In China, the majority of people who use drugs (PWUD) identified by authorities are admitted to compulsory isolated detoxification centers in which their treatment is administered by administrative and judicial systems that restrict their freedom. China's compulsory isolated detoxification centers have been criticized as an abuse of human rights. The two other primary models of drug treatment in China include community-based treatment and medically-oriented voluntary treatment. This article presents an overview of the three primary treatment models for PWUD currently practiced in China. The existing compulsory and voluntary treatment models predominantly operate separately from each other, and lack evidence-based guidelines. A drug treatment system that embraces social support, psychosocial interventions and well-qualified health-based workforce is currently lacking. We propose that China needs to employ a localized model that is composed of well-facilitated and evidence-based treatment methods for both compulsory and voluntary treatment for PWUD to reduce the burden of illicit drug use. The implementation of these models of care, however, need to be tailored to the country's historical background, large population of PWUD and cultural settings in order to succeed. Urgent changes in drug treatment policies and practices are needed by the Chinese governments at different levels, organizations and front-line practitioners if we are to see a reduction in the incidence and impact of harms related to substance use in China.
在中国，被官方确认为吸毒者（PWUD）的大多数人都被送进强制隔离戒毒所，接受行政和司法系统管理的治疗，他们的自由受到限制。中国的强制隔离戒毒所被批评为侵犯人权。中国的另外两种主要的戒毒治疗模式包括社区戒毒和医学戒毒。本文概述了目前中国实施的三种主要的吸毒者治疗模式。现有的强制戒毒和自愿戒毒模式主要是相互独立的，缺乏循证指南。目前缺乏一个包含社会支持、心理社会干预和合格卫生工作者的戒毒治疗体系。我们认为，中国需要采用一种本地化的模式，为强制和自愿戒毒的吸毒者提供便利和基于证据的治疗方法，以减轻非法药物使用的负担。然而，这些护理模式的实施需要根据中国的历史背景、庞大的吸毒者人群和文化背景进行调整，才能取得成功。如果要减少中国与物质使用相关的危害的发生率和影响，不同层级的中国政府、组织和一线工作者都需要改变药物治疗政策和做法。
