Serrano-Montilla Celia, Lozano Luis M, Bender Michael, Padilla Jose-Luis
Methodology for Behavioral Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
The Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center at University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
BMJ Open. 2020 Dec 10;10(12):e037993. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037993.
Attitudes justifying intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) can play an essential role in explaining the prevalence of such public health problem. The study aim was to explain attitudes justifying IPVAW identifying individual and societal risk factors.
A multilevel cross-sectional study of the World Values Survey (WVS) in 54 global countries.
A representative transnational community-based sample of 81 516 participants (47.8% male, 52.1% female), aged mean of 42.41.
Attitudes justifying IPVAW, sociodemographic, sexism, self-transcendence and conservation values were measured using questions from WVS. Country and regional gender inequality were assessed by Gender Inequality Index.
Around 16% (intraclass correlation=0.16) of individual differences in attitudes justifying IPVAW are explained by countries. Statistically significant predictors at individual and country level were: sex (B=-0.24, 95% CI -0.27 to -0.22), age (B=-0.08 to -0.25, 95% CI -0.34 to -0.03), marital status (B=0.09 to 0.23, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.33), educational level (B=-0.10 to -0.14, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.04), self-transcendence values (B=-0.10, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.12), sexism (B=0.21, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.28), country (B=2.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.26) and regional (B=2.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.42) gender inequality. Country gender inequality (B=-0.18, p=0.12) and regional gender inequality (B=-0.21, p=0.10) did not moderate the associations between self-transcendence values and attitudes justifying IPVAW. In the same way for sexism, data did not provide support for a moderating role of country gender inequality (B=0.22, p=0.26) and regional gender inequality (B=0.10, p=0.66).
Individual and country predictors accounted for differences in attitudes justifying IPVAW. However, neither gender inequality of country nor gender inequality of region interacted with sexism and self-transcendence values. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
为亲密伴侣对妇女的暴力行为（IPVAW）辩护的态度在解释这一公共卫生问题的普遍性方面可能起着至关重要的作用。本研究的目的是通过识别个人和社会风险因素来解释为IPVAW辩护的态度。
对世界价值观调查（WVS）在54个全球国家进行的多层次横断面研究。
一个具有代表性的基于社区的跨国样本，共81516名参与者（男性占47.8%，女性占52.1%），平均年龄为42.41岁。
使用WVS中的问题来测量为IPVAW辩护的态度、社会人口统计学特征、性别歧视、自我超越和保守价值观。通过性别不平等指数评估国家和地区的性别不平等情况。
各国之间存在差异，约16%（组内相关系数=0.16）的为IPVAW辩护的态度个体差异可由国家因素解释。在个体和国家层面上具有统计学意义的预测因素包括：性别（B=-0.24，95%置信区间-0.27至-0.22）、年龄（B=-0.08至-0.25，95%置信区间-0.34至-0.03）、婚姻状况（B=0.09至0.23，95%置信区间0.002至0.33）、教育水平（B=-0.10至-0.14，95%置信区间-0.20至-0.04）、自我超越价值观（B=-0.10，95%置信区间-0.20至-0.12）、性别歧视（B=0.21，95%置信区间0.15至0.28）、国家（B=2.18，95%置信区间1.09至3.26）和地区（B=2.23，95%置信区间1.04至3.42）的性别不平等。国家性别不平等（B=-0.18，p=0.12）和地区性别不平等（B=-0.21，p=0.10）并未调节自我超越价值观与为IPVAW辩护的态度之间的关联。同样，对于性别歧视，数据也不支持国家性别不平等（B=0.22，p=0.26）和地区性别不平等（B=0.10，p=0.66）的调节作用。
个体和国家预测因素解释了为IPVAW辩护的态度差异。然而，国家层面的性别不平等和地区层面的性别不平等均未与性别歧视及自我超越价值观产生相互作用。文中讨论了理论和方法学意义。
