Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas, 04009 Almeria, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 5;19(17):11127. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191711127.
Invisible violence against women (IVAW) can be understood as the set of attitudes, behaviors, and subtle beliefs that men use to subordinate women and that are culturally accepted. These behaviors can be a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV), so it is important to design tools that allow us to detect it early. The aim of this study was to design and psychometrically assess a questionnaire for the detection of invisible violence against women (Q-IVAW).
A descriptive cross-sectional methodological study carried out in three phases: (1) development of the initial version; (2) pilot study ( = 51); and (3) final validation study ( = 990). The tool's reliability, validity, and legibility were assessed. To assess reliability, the internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was analyzed. The validity assessment included an analysis of content, criterion, and construct validity.
The EFA revealed that the Q-IVAW was comprised of five factors that explained 55.85% of the total variance found. The Q-IVAW showed very high reliability (α = 0.937), excellent content validity, and good construct validity. The criterion validity analysis showed a moderate correlation between A-IPVAW and Q-IVAW ( = 0.30; < 0.001).
The psychometric assessment of the Q-IVAW yielded good results, which could support the tool's ability to assess how often women are subjected to inviable violent behaviors by their partners.
隐形的针对女性的暴力（IVAW）可以被理解为一套男性用来控制女性并被文化所接受的态度、行为和微妙信念。这些行为可能是亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的一个风险因素，因此设计能够及早发现它的工具非常重要。本研究旨在设计和心理测量评估一种用于检测隐形针对女性的暴力（Q-IVAW）的问卷。
这是一项在三个阶段进行的描述性横断面方法学研究：（1）初始版本的开发；（2）试点研究（n=51）；和（3）最终验证研究（n=990）。评估了工具的可靠性、有效性和易读性。为了评估可靠性，分析了内部一致性（克朗巴赫的α）。有效性评估包括内容、标准和结构有效性分析。
EFA 显示，Q-IVAW 由五个因素组成，解释了总方差的 55.85%。Q-IVAW 具有非常高的可靠性（α=0.937）、良好的内容有效性和良好的结构有效性。标准有效性分析显示 A-IPVAW 和 Q-IVAW 之间存在中度相关性（=0.30；<0.001）。
Q-IVAW 的心理测量评估结果良好，这可能支持该工具评估女性伴侣对其施加不可接受的暴力行为的频率的能力。
