Alghamdi Budour A, Alshumrani Elham Shasho, Saeed Muneerah Saad Bin, Rawas Ghufran Mustafa, Alharthi Norah Talal, Baeshen Mohammed Nabih, Helmi Nawal Mohammed, Alam Mohammad Zubair, Suhail Mohd
Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biology, College of Sciences University of Jeddah, Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020 Dec;27(12):3720-3726. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.018. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
Honey is a complex foodstuff found in nature which is used without any processing. Honey has been in use in medicine as well as raw food since ancient times. Essentially, it is a blend of sugars especially fructose and glucose. The objectives of the study were to determine major sugar composition as well as pesticides contamination in honey samples. Further, Hydroxy-methyl-furfuraldehyde (HMF) level was also determined to ascertain the freshness of honey samples. A total of 14 samples were collected from local market and tested for fructose, glucose, sucrose, HMF and organochlorine pesticides using HPLC and GC-MS techniques respectively. The total sugars in the 14 honey samples were found ranging between 50.26 and 74.74 g/100 g of honey. The chromatographic results showed the presence of the sugars like fructose and glucose in all honey samples. The honey sample SH-11 was found to contain the highest amount of fructose (40.63%). On the other hand, the lowest amount of fructose with 29.08% was observed in SH-7. The HPLC analysis also revealed the presence of sucrose in two samples but under the permissible limit. The average ratio of fructose to glucose in these honey samples was 1.3. None of the sample has ratio below 1.0 indicating lesser chances for honey to crystallize on storage. Out of 14 honey samples, 13 samples were found negative for the presence of any of the 63 pesticides tested. Only sample No. 13, was found to contain 15.95 ppb hexachlorobenzene per kilogram of honey. The HMF was not detected in four samples but in remaining samples it was well below the maximum permissible limit. No pesticide and sugar adulteration was observed in any of the honey samples. The honeys collected from Saudi Arabian markets were found to confirm the standards set by the regional and international standardization organization, the GSO and Codex Alimentarius Commission respectively.
蜂蜜是一种天然存在的复杂食品，无需任何加工即可使用。自古以来，蜂蜜就一直用于医药和生食。从本质上讲，它是多种糖类的混合物，尤其是果糖和葡萄糖。本研究的目的是确定蜂蜜样品中的主要糖分组成以及农药污染情况。此外，还测定了羟甲基糠醛（HMF）含量，以确定蜂蜜样品的新鲜度。总共从当地市场收集了14个样品，分别使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术（GC - MS）检测果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、HMF和有机氯农药。14个蜂蜜样品中的总糖含量在50.26至每100克蜂蜜74.74克之间。色谱分析结果表明，所有蜂蜜样品中都含有果糖和葡萄糖等糖类。发现蜂蜜样品SH - 11中果糖含量最高（40.63%）。另一方面，在SH - 7中观察到果糖含量最低，为29.08%。HPLC分析还显示，有两个样品中存在蔗糖，但在允许限量以下。这些蜂蜜样品中果糖与葡萄糖的平均比例为1.3。没有一个样品的比例低于1.0，这表明蜂蜜在储存时结晶的可能性较小。在14个蜂蜜样品中，有13个样品对所检测的63种农药中的任何一种均呈阴性。仅13号样品被发现每千克蜂蜜中含有15.95 ppb的六氯苯。有4个样品未检测到HMF，但其余样品中的HMF含量远低于最大允许限量。在任何蜂蜜样品中均未观察到农药和糖分掺假现象。从沙特阿拉伯市场收集的蜂蜜符合分别由地区和国际标准化组织——海湾标准化组织（GSO）和食品法典委员会制定的标准。
