Dieskau Julia, Bruelheide Helge, Gutknecht Jessica, Erfmeier Alexandra
Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany.
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2020 Oct 28;10(23):13057-13070. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6894. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Exotic plant species can evolve adaptations to environmental conditions in the exotic range. Furthermore, soil biota can foster exotic spread in the absence of negative soil pathogen-plant interactions or because of increased positive soil biota-plant feedbacks in the exotic range. Little is known, however, about the evolutionary dimension of plant-soil biota interactions when comparing native and introduced ranges.To assess the role of soil microbes for rapid evolution in plant invasion, we subjected , a species native to Europe, to a reciprocal transplant experiment with soil and seed material originating from Germany (native) and New Zealand (exotic). Soil samples were treated with biocides to distinguish between effects of soil fungi and bacteria. Seedlings from each of five native and exotic populations were transplanted into soil biota communities originating from all populations and subjected to treatments of soil biota reduction: application of (a) fungicide, (b) biocide, (c) a combination of the two, and (d) control.For most of the investigated traits, native populations showed higher performance than exotic populations; there was no effect of soil biota origin. However, plants developed longer leaves and larger rosettes when treated with their respective home soil communities, indicating that native and exotic plant populations differed in their interaction with soil biota origin. The absence of fungi and bacteria resulted in a higher specific root length, suggesting that may compensate the absence of mutualistic microbes by increasing its root-soil surface contact. Introduced plants can evolve adaptations to soil biota in their new distribution range. This demonstrates the importance of biogeographic differences in plant-soil biota relationships and suggests that future studies addressing evolutionary divergence should account for differential effects of soil biota from the home and exotic range on native and exotic populations of successful plant invaders.
外来植物物种能够进化出适应外来分布区环境条件的特性。此外，在没有负面的土壤病原体 - 植物相互作用的情况下，或者由于外来分布区中土壤生物群与植物之间积极反馈的增加，土壤生物群能够促进外来物种的传播。然而，在比较原生分布区和引入分布区时，关于植物 - 土壤生物群相互作用的进化维度，我们所知甚少。为了评估土壤微生物在植物入侵快速进化中的作用，我们对一种原产于欧洲的物种进行了 reciprocal transplant experiment（此处 reciprocal transplant experiment 可能是“互作移植实验”，但不确定，需结合更多背景知识），使用来自德国（原生地）和新西兰（外来地）的土壤和种子材料。土壤样本用杀菌剂处理，以区分土壤真菌和细菌的影响。将五个原生种群和外来种群的幼苗分别移植到来自所有种群的土壤生物群落中，并进行土壤生物群减少处理：施用（a）杀真菌剂，（b）杀菌剂，（c）两者组合，以及（d）对照。对于大多数研究的性状，原生种群表现出比外来种群更高的性能；土壤生物群来源没有影响。然而，当用各自的原生土壤群落处理时，植物长出了更长的叶子和更大的莲座叶丛，这表明原生和外来植物种群与土壤生物群来源的相互作用存在差异。真菌和细菌的缺失导致了更高的比根长，这表明[物种名称未明确，此处用“[物种名称]”表示]可能通过增加其根 - 土表面接触来补偿互利微生物的缺失。引入的植物能够在其新的分布范围内进化出对土壤生物群的适应性。这证明了植物 - 土壤生物群关系中生物地理差异的重要性，并表明未来研究进化分歧时应考虑原生地和外来地土壤生物群对成功入侵植物的原生和外来种群的不同影响。
