Liu Zhe, Cao Shiliu, Sun Zenghui, Wang Huanyuan, Qu Shaodong, Lei Na, He Jing, Dong Qiguang
Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China.
Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an, 710075, China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 25;11(1):4611. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84191-z.
Tillage treatments have an important effect on soil microstructure characteristics, water thermal properties and nutrients, but little is known in the newly reclaimed cultivated land. For the reason, a long-term field study was to evaluate the tillage effects on soil physicochemical properties and crop yield in newly reclaimed cultivated land via the macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Three tillage treatments were tested: continuous conventional moldboard plow tillage (CT), sub-soiling/moldboard-tillage/sub-soiling tillage (ST) and no-tillage/sub-soiling/no-tillage (NT). Under CT, the microstructure was dominated by weakly separated plates structure and showed highest bulk density (BD) (1.49 g cm) and lowest soil organic matter (SOM) (3.68 g kg). In addition, CT reduced the capacity of soil moisture retention and temperature maintenance, resulting in aggregate structure deterioration and fragility. Unlike CT, the soil was characterized by moderately separated granular structure and highly separated aggregate structure under conservation tillage practice of ST and NT. NT was associated with the highest soil moisture content (20.42%), highest quantity of macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm) by wet-sieving (34.07%), and highest SOM (6.48 g kg) in the surface layer. Besides, NT was better able to regulate soil temperature and improved the values of geometric mean diameter. Under NT and ST, a stable soil structure with compound aggregates and pores was formed, and the maize yield was increased by 12.9% and 14.9% compared with CT, up to 8512.6 kg ha and 8740.9 kg ha, respectively. These results demonstrated the positive effects of NT and ST on soil quality and crop yield in newly reclaimed cultivated land.
耕作措施对土壤微观结构特征、水热性质和养分有重要影响，但在新开垦耕地方面人们了解甚少。因此，开展了一项长期田间研究，通过宏观和微观分析评估新开垦耕地中耕作措施对土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响。试验采用了三种耕作措施：连续常规铧式犁耕作（CT）、深松/铧式犁耕作/深松耕作（ST）和免耕/深松/免耕（NT）。在CT处理下，土壤微观结构以弱分离的片状结构为主，容重最高（1.49 g/cm³），土壤有机质（SOM）最低（3.68 g/kg）。此外，CT降低了土壤保水和保温能力，导致团聚体结构劣化和易碎。与CT不同，在ST和NT的保护性耕作措施下，土壤以中度分离的粒状结构和高度分离的团聚体结构为特征。NT处理的表层土壤含水量最高（20.42%），湿筛法测得的大团聚体（> 0.25 mm）数量最多（34.07%），SOM含量最高（6.48 g/kg）。此外，NT更能调节土壤温度，提高几何平均直径值。在NT和ST处理下，形成了具有复合团聚体和孔隙的稳定土壤结构，玉米产量比CT分别提高了12.9%和14.9%，分别达到8512.6 kg/ha和8740.9 kg/ha。这些结果证明了NT和ST对新开垦耕地土壤质量和作物产量的积极影响。
