Al-Kheraif Abdulaziz A, Khan Aftab Ahmed, AlMufareh Nawaf Abdulrahman, Divakar Darshan Devang, Dewan Harisha, Al-Jadani Saeedah, Alrahimi Jehan, Hassoubah Shahira, Allemailem Khaled S
Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021 Mar;33:102134. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102134. Epub 2020 Dec 8.
The aim of this in-vitro study was to formulate poly-l-glycolic acid nanoparticles loaded with methylene blue (PLGA-MB) and to characterize their physicochemical features, photosensitizer-release kinetics and antimicrobial efficacy against Candida albicans (C. albicans) after incorporating in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture lining materials.
MB-PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized according to the modified nanoprecipitation method. The morphological characterization of the nanoparticles was studied under scanning and transmission electron microscope. Particle size, surface charge, polydispersity index (PDI) and MB release were evaluated. The effect of 660 nm semiconductor AlGaInP diode laser on C. albicans was studied in vitro. The PMMA was weighed and PLGA free and PLGA-MB were added in the lining material according to the weight percentage as 2.0 wt.% and 5.0 wt.% and tested for the diameter of the inhibition zones of C. albicans growth and shore A hardness.
Homogenous spherical nanoparticles with round morphology with size ranging between 60-80 nm were observed while PLGA-MB were seen to have irregular structure within the nanoparticle under TEM. PLGA-Free was larger in size than the loaded PLGA (∼62 nm) that evidenced reduction in size by adding the MB photosensitizer. PDI recordings reduced from 0.198 for the PLGA-Free nanoparticles to 0.164 for the PLGA-MB nanoparticles. The entrapment efficiency of MB inside PLGA showed an average percentage of ∼75 % uptake that resulted in the overall loading of ∼15 %. An overall inhibition of 78 %, 41 % and 28 % of C. albicans growth was seen with a concentration of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. The application of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with MB evidenced >75 % of C. albicans. MB incorporation did not lead to a clinically relevant change on shore A hardness.
PLGA loaded with MB is believed to have promising target therapy against C. albicans in denture soft lining materials in terms of PACT in vitro. The synergistic association between PLGA and MB proved enhanced antifungal activity. PLGA-MB could be an important tool in nanobiotechnology and photodynamic therapy for novel formulations with higher antimicrobial efficacy and improved drug delivery from denture soft lining materials.
本体外研究旨在制备负载亚甲蓝的聚左旋乙醇酸纳米颗粒（PLGA-MB），并表征其物理化学特性、光敏剂释放动力学以及掺入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）义齿衬里材料后对白色念珠菌的抗菌效果。
采用改良的纳米沉淀法合成MB-PLGA纳米颗粒。在扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜下研究纳米颗粒的形态特征。评估粒径、表面电荷、多分散指数（PDI）和亚甲蓝释放情况。体外研究660 nm半导体AlGaInP二极管激光对白色念珠菌的作用。称取PMMA，按重量百分比2.0 wt.%和5.0 wt.%将不含PLGA和含PLGA-MB的物质添加到衬里材料中，测试其对白色念珠菌生长抑制圈直径和邵氏A硬度。
观察到均匀的球形纳米颗粒，形态呈圆形，粒径在60 - 80 nm之间，而在透射电子显微镜下，PLGA-MB纳米颗粒内部结构不规则。不含PLGA的颗粒尺寸大于负载PLGA的颗粒（约62 nm），这证明添加亚甲蓝光敏剂后尺寸减小。PDI记录从不含PLGA的纳米颗粒的0.198降至PLGA-MB纳米颗粒的0.164。PLGA中MB的包封率平均约为75%，总体负载量约为15%。浓度分别为0.1、0.5和1.0 μg/mL时，对白色念珠菌生长的总体抑制率分别为78%、41%和28%。负载MB的PLGA纳米颗粒的应用证明对白色念珠菌的抑制率>75%。掺入MB未导致邵氏A硬度出现临床相关变化。
就体外光动力抗菌化疗而言，负载MB的PLGA有望用于义齿软衬材料中对白色念珠菌的靶向治疗。PLGA与MB之间的协同作用证明具有增强的抗真菌活性。PLGA-MB可能成为纳米生物技术和光动力治疗中的重要工具，用于制备具有更高抗菌效果和改善义齿软衬材料药物递送的新型制剂。
