Aldegheishem Alhanoof, Alharthi Rasha, Al-Qahtani Yasser M, Soliman Mai, Mostafa Marwa Salah, Mohsin Syed Fareed, Eldwakhly Elzahraa
Clinical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia.
Clinical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022 Dec;40:103188. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103188. Epub 2022 Nov 3.
This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical (i.e., flexural modulus [FM], flexural strength [FS], and surface roughness [R]) and antibacterial efficacy of photo-sonodynamic therapy via methylene blue-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (MB-loaded PLGA NPs) over dental implants for potential treatment of peri-implantitis.
PLGA NPs were synthesized via a solvent displacement method. After the synthesis and confirmation of MB-loaded PLGA NPs via physical (Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM]) and chemical characterization (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]), the mature dental biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis was produced over the surfaces of dental implants. Then, the bacterial viability assessment of the following five study groups was performed: group-I (diode laser treatment); group-II (PDT/MB-loaded PLGA NPs treatment; group-III (ultrasound treatment); group-IV (ultrasound/PLGA NPs-MB treatment); and group-V: control group included the samples without any treatment. Finally, the FS, FM, and R of the samples was assessed.
Under the SEM, the NPs were spherical homogeneous particles having round morphology ranging approximately 100 nm in size without aggregation. The FTIR spectra of PLGA NPs and MB-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated absorption peaks at approximately 1000 cm to 1200 cm and around 1500 cm to 1750 cm. The greatest level of P. gingivalis killing was exhibited by ultrasound/MB-loaded PLGA-NPs-treated samples. The FS was statistically significantly greater for control group samples than any other group (i.e., 100.28 MPa; p<0.05). The FM and R ranged between 3.31 and 3.58 GPa and between 0.18 and 0.20 µm without any statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups (p>0.05), respectively.
Within the limitations of this study, the application of photo-sonodynamic therapy via MB-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated the greatest antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis without deteriorating the surfaces and compromising the mechanical properties of dental implants.
本研究旨在评估通过负载亚甲蓝的聚（D，L-丙交酯-共-乙交酯）纳米颗粒（负载MB的PLGA NPs）对牙种植体进行光动力疗法的机械性能（即弯曲模量[FM]、弯曲强度[FS]和表面粗糙度[R]）及抗菌效果，以探讨其对种植体周围炎的潜在治疗作用。
通过溶剂置换法合成PLGA NPs。在通过物理（扫描电子显微镜[SEM]）和化学表征（傅里叶变换红外光谱[FTIR]）对负载MB的PLGA NPs进行合成和确认后，在牙种植体表面形成牙龈卟啉单胞菌的成熟牙生物膜。然后，对以下五个研究组进行细菌活力评估：第一组（二极管激光治疗）；第二组（PDT/负载MB的PLGA NPs治疗）；第三组（超声治疗）；第四组（超声/PLGA NPs-MB治疗）；第五组：对照组包括未进行任何处理的样本。最后，评估样本的FS、FM和R。
在SEM下，纳米颗粒为球形均匀颗粒，形态呈圆形，大小约为100 nm，无聚集现象。PLGA NPs和负载MB的PLGA NPs的FTIR光谱在约1000 cm至1200 cm以及约1500 cm至1750 cm处显示出吸收峰。超声/负载MB的PLGA-NPs处理的样本对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的杀灭水平最高。对照组样本的FS在统计学上显著高于其他任何组（即100.28 MPa；p<0.05）。FM和R分别在3.31至3.58 GPa和0.18至0.20 µm之间，对照组和实验组之间无任何统计学显著差异（p>0.05）。
在本研究的局限性范围内，通过负载MB的PLGA NPs进行光动力疗法对牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有最大的抗菌活性，且不会使牙种植体表面恶化或损害其机械性能。
