Han Hyun Jee, Nwagwu Chinekwu, Anyim Obumneme, Ekweremadu Chinedu, Kim San
University College London, Department of Neonatology, United Kingdom.
Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Jan;90:107247. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107247. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic which has induced unprecedented ramifications, severely affecting our society due to the long incubation time, unpredictably high prevalence and lack of effective vaccines. One of the interesting notions is that there is an association between COVID-19 and cancer. Cancer patients seem to exhibit exacerbated conditions and a higher mortality rate when exposed to the virus. Therefore, vaccines are the promising solution to minimise the problem amongst cancer patients threatened by the new viral strains. However, there are still limitations to be considered, including the efficacy of COVID vaccines for immunocompromised individuals, possible interactions between the vaccine and cancer, and personalised medicine. Not only to eradicate the pandemic, but also to make it more effective for immunocompromised patients who are suffering from cancer, a successful vaccine platform is required through the implementation of nanotechnology which can also enable scalable manufacturing and worldwide distribution along with its faster and precise delivery. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of COVID-19 with clinical perspectives, highlighting the association between COVID-19 and cancer, followed by a vaccine development for this association using nanotechnology. We suggest different administration methods for the COVID-19 vaccine formulation options. This study will contribute to paving the way towards the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, especially for the immunocompromised individuals.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起，是一场全球大流行，已产生前所未有的影响，由于其潜伏期长、患病率高得不可预测且缺乏有效疫苗，对我们的社会造成了严重影响。一个有趣的观点是，COVID-19与癌症之间存在关联。癌症患者在接触该病毒时似乎病情会加重，死亡率也更高。因此，疫苗是在受新病毒株威胁的癌症患者中尽量减少问题的有前景的解决方案。然而，仍有一些局限性需要考虑，包括COVID疫苗对免疫功能低下个体的疗效、疫苗与癌症之间可能的相互作用以及个性化医疗。为了不仅根除这一流行病，而且使其对患有癌症的免疫功能低下患者更有效，需要通过实施纳米技术来打造一个成功的疫苗平台，该技术还能实现可扩展生产和全球分发，并能更快、更精准地递送。在这篇综述中，我们从临床角度总结了对COVID-19的当前认识，强调了COVID-19与癌症之间的关联，随后介绍了利用纳米技术针对这种关联开发疫苗的情况。我们针对COVID-19疫苗配方选项提出了不同的给药方法。这项研究将有助于为COVID-19的预防和治疗铺平道路，特别是针对免疫功能低下的个体。
