Bodrova R A, Kuchumova T V, Zakamyrdina A D, Yunusova E R, Fadeev G Yu
Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russia.
«The Hospital for Veterans of Wars» of Kazan of the Ministry of Health of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia.
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2020;97(6):11-16. doi: 10.17116/kurort20209706111.
The number of patients who have had pneumonia caused by COVID-19 is increasing every month. However, despite the ongoing treatment, the consequences of this disease are possible, which may appear in the short term or after a while. Pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is characterized by the presence of such complications as cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, sleep disturbances, appetite disorders, etc. Often, pneumonia leads to dysfunctions of the respiratory system, higher mental functions, functions of the cardiovascular system and, unfortunately, possible disability. The search and implementation of new methods of physical rehabilitation is an urgent task of modern medicine. Low-frequency magnetotherapy is one of the safest and most commonly recommended treatments for pneumonia.
To assess the effectiveness of the use of low-frequency magnetotherapy in the complex medical rehabilitation of patients who have had pneumonia in the phase of convalescence.
The study included 52 patients who had suffered from pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and whose average age was 56.2±5.7 years. Group I (main) group (=30), against the background of standard therapy on the 16th day after discharge from the hospital, received low-frequency magnetotherapy on the ALMAG-02 apparatus (Elamed, Russia) daily for 20 minutes, a course of 10-12 procedures. In the second (control) group (=22), therapy was carried out in accordance with the Temporary Clinical Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 (version 8.1 of 01/10/2020), as well as the Temporary Clinical recommendations for medical rehabilitation for a new coronavirus infection (version 8.1 of 01/10/2020). Evaluation method: spirometry using a spirographMIR (Italy), chest excursion, rehabilitation routing scale (RRM), quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D), Borg scale for patient assessment of exercise tolerance, ECG, oxygen saturation in the blood.
The patients of the 1st group showed an increase in the vital capacity of the lungs by 16.4% in comparison with the 2nd (control) group; an increase in chest excursion by 45.6%, a decrease in the level of shortness of breath from moderate to mild by 64.1%, a decrease in disabilities by 62.7%, compared with the second (control) group. According to the data of the quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D), the patients of the main group showed improvements in general mobility (mobility) by 44.5%, everyday activity by 26.1%, a decrease in pain/discomfort by 47.9%, anxiety and depression by 42.2%, compared with the control group (=0.001).
The inclusion of low-frequency magnetic therapy in complex rehabilitation contributes to the regression of respiratory disorders, reduces the level of anxiety and depression, reduces pain and discomfort, thereby improving the patient's quality of life.
感染新冠病毒导致肺炎的患者数量每月都在增加。然而，尽管进行了持续治疗，这种疾病的后果仍有可能出现，可能在短期内或过一段时间后显现。新型冠状病毒感染新冠病毒导致的肺炎的特征是出现咳嗽、呼吸急促、疲劳、睡眠障碍、食欲紊乱等并发症。通常，肺炎会导致呼吸系统、高级心理功能、心血管系统功能障碍，不幸的是，还可能导致残疾。寻找并实施新的物理康复方法是现代医学的一项紧迫任务。低频磁疗是治疗肺炎最安全、最常推荐的治疗方法之一。
评估低频磁疗在肺炎恢复期患者综合医学康复中的有效性。
该研究纳入了52例感染新冠病毒导致肺炎的患者，平均年龄为56.2±5.7岁。第一组（主要）组（n = 30），在出院后第16天，在标准治疗的基础上，使用ALMAG - 02仪器（俄罗斯伊拉梅德公司）进行每日20分钟的低频磁疗，疗程为10 - 12次。第二组（对照组）（n = 22），治疗按照俄罗斯联邦卫生部关于新型冠状病毒感染新冠病毒的预防、诊断和治疗的临时临床建议（2020年1月10日第8.1版）以及新型冠状病毒感染医学康复的临时临床建议（2020年1月10日第8.1版）进行。评估方法：使用意大利MIR肺功能仪进行肺量计检查、胸廓活动度、康复路径量表（RRM）、生活质量问卷（EQ - 5D）、患者运动耐力评估的博格量表、心电图、血液氧饱和度。
与第二组（对照组）相比，第一组患者的肺活量增加了16.4%；胸廓活动度增加了45.6%，呼吸急促程度从中度降至轻度的比例为64.1%，残疾程度降低了62.7%。根据生活质量问卷（EQ - 5D）的数据，与对照组相比，主要组患者的总体活动能力（活动度）提高了44.5%，日常活动能力提高了26.1%，疼痛/不适程度降低了47.9%，焦虑和抑郁程度降低了42.2%（P = 0.001）。
在综合康复中纳入低频磁疗有助于呼吸紊乱的消退，降低焦虑和抑郁水平，减轻疼痛和不适，从而提高患者的生活质量。
