ICOA, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France.
ICOA, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France.
J Chromatogr A. 2021 Jan 4;1635:461770. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461770. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
Plant extraction has existed for a long time and is still of interest. Due to technological improvements, it is now possible to obtain extracts with higher yields. While global yield is a major parameter because it assesses the extraction performance, it can be of interest to focus on the extraction of particular compounds (specific metabolites) to enrich the sample and to avoid the extraction of unwanted ones, for instance the primary metabolites (carbohydrates, triacylglycerols). The objective then is to improve extraction selectivity is then considered. In solid-liquid extraction, which is often called maceration, the solvent has a major impact on selectivity. Its polarity has a direct influence on the solutes extracted, related to the chemical structure of the compounds, and modelling compound/solvent interactions by using various polarity or interaction scales is a great challenge to favor the choice of the appropriate extracting liquid. Technical advances have allowed the development of recent, and sometimes green, extraction techniques, such as Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). This review focuses on the specificity of these recent techniques and the influence of their physical parameters (i.e. pressure, intensity, etc.). In addition to the solvent selection, which is of prime interest, the physical parameters applied by the different techniques influence the extraction results in different ways. Besides, SFE is a versatile and green technique suitable to achieve selectivity for some compounds. Due to its properties, SC-CO allows tailoring conditions to improve the selectivity.
植物提取已经存在了很长时间，现在仍然受到关注。由于技术的进步，现在有可能获得更高产量的提取物。虽然全球产量是一个重要的参数，因为它评估了提取性能，但关注特定化合物（特定代谢物）的提取可能更有意义，以丰富样品并避免提取不需要的化合物，例如初级代谢物（碳水化合物、三酰基甘油）。然后，目标是提高提取选择性。在固液提取中，通常称为浸提，溶剂对选择性有很大影响。其极性直接影响所提取的溶质，与化合物的化学结构有关，通过使用各种极性或相互作用尺度来模拟化合物/溶剂相互作用是一个巨大的挑战，有利于选择合适的提取液。技术进步使得最近的一些提取技术得以发展，有时是绿色技术，例如微波辅助提取（MAE）、超声辅助提取（UAE）、加压液体提取（PLE）和超临界流体提取（SFE）。本综述重点介绍了这些新技术的特异性以及其物理参数（例如压力、强度等）的影响。除了溶剂选择是最主要的关注点之外，不同技术施加的物理参数以不同的方式影响提取结果。此外，SFE 是一种通用且绿色的技术，适用于某些化合物的选择性。由于其特性，SC-CO2 允许定制条件以提高选择性。
