Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain.
Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry "Prof. J.C. Vílchez Martín", University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., Huelva, 21120, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 15;269:115994. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115994. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
Xenobiotics are worldwide distributed and humans are unavoidably exposed to multiple chemical compounds during life, from preconception to adulthood. The human microbiota is mainly settled during early life and modulate host health and fitness. One of the main routes for chemical exposure is by intake of contaminated food and water. Thus, the interplay between diet-xenobiotics-microbiota during pregnancy and perinatal period may have relevant consequences for infant and adult health. Maternal exposure to metal(oid)s, persistent organic pollutants, and some food additives can modify the infant's microbiota with unknown consequences for child or adult health. Toxicants' exposure may also modulate the maternal transfer of microorganisms to the progeny during birth and breastfeeding; however, scarce information is available. The rapid increase in releasing novel chemicals to the environment, the exposure to chemical mixtures, the chronic/low dose scenario, and the delay in science-stakeholders action call for novel and groundbreaking approaches to improve a comprehensive risk assessment in sensitive population groups like pregnant women and neonates, with emphasis on microbiota as modulating factor and target-organ of xenobiotic's toxicity.
外源性化学物质在全球范围内分布，人类在从受孕前到成年的一生中不可避免地会接触到多种化学化合物。人类微生物组主要在生命早期定植，并调节宿主的健康和适应性。化学暴露的主要途径之一是通过摄入受污染的食物和水。因此，妊娠和围产期饮食-外源性化学物质-微生物组之间的相互作用可能对婴儿和成人的健康产生相关影响。母体接触金属(类)、持久性有机污染物和一些食品添加剂会改变婴儿的微生物组，但其对儿童或成人健康的影响尚不清楚。毒物暴露也可能调节分娩和母乳喂养期间母体向后代转移微生物；然而，目前可用的信息很少。新型化学物质向环境中的快速释放、化学混合物的暴露、慢性/低剂量情况以及科学利益相关者行动的延迟，都需要采用新颖和开创性的方法来改善对孕妇和新生儿等敏感人群组的全面风险评估，重点是微生物组作为外源性化学物质毒性的调节因子和靶器官。
