Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
J Exp Bot. 2021 Jan 20;72(1):70-91. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa479.
Glucosinolates are secondary defense metabolites produced by plants of the order Brassicales, which includes the model species Arabidopsis and many crop species. In the past 13 years, the regulation of glucosinolate synthesis in plants has been intensively studied, with recent research revealing complex molecular mechanisms that connect glucosinolate production with responses to other central pathways. In this review, we discuss how the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis is ecologically relevant for plants, how it is controlled by transcription factors, and how this transcriptional machinery interacts with hormonal, environmental, and epigenetic mechanisms. We present the central players in glucosinolate regulation, MYB and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, as well as the plant hormone jasmonate, which together with other hormones and environmental signals allow the coordinated and rapid regulation of glucosinolate genes. Furthermore, we highlight the regulatory connections between glucosinolates, auxin, and sulfur metabolism and discuss emerging insights and open questions on the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis.
硫代葡萄糖苷是芸薹属植物产生的次生防御代谢物，包括模式物种拟南芥和许多作物物种。在过去的 13 年中，植物中硫代葡萄糖苷的合成调控受到了广泛研究，最近的研究揭示了连接硫代葡萄糖苷产生与对其他中心途径反应的复杂分子机制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了硫代葡萄糖苷生物合成的调控如何在生态上对植物具有重要意义，它如何受到转录因子的控制，以及这种转录机制如何与激素、环境和表观遗传机制相互作用。我们介绍了硫代葡萄糖苷调控的核心因子，即 MYB 和碱性螺旋-环-螺旋转录因子，以及植物激素茉莉酸，它与其他激素和环境信号一起允许硫代葡萄糖苷基因的协调和快速调控。此外，我们强调了硫代葡萄糖苷、生长素和硫代谢之间的调控联系，并讨论了硫代葡萄糖苷生物合成调控方面的新出现的见解和未解决的问题。
