Zhang Kaili, Feng Rongrong, Han Jianing, Zhang Zhicheng, Zhang Hongjuan, Liu Kang
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center On Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built By Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(3):8317-8337. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22748-9. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
The identification of spatiotemporal changes in ecosystem service values (ESVs) and their drivers is the basis for ecosystem service administration and decision-making. This research focuses on the Yellow River Basin (YRB). With a multitemporal land use and land cover (LULC) dataset (1995-2018), the equivalence coefficient method with spatiotemporal dynamic correction and exploratory spatial data analysis methods were used to evaluate ESV changes due to LULC changes and their spatial characteristics. The contributions of the ESV driving factors and their mutual effects were also investigated via geographic detectors. The results revealed that (1) the land use structure of the YRB, mainly grassland and cultivated land, was stable from 1995 to 2018. However, the transition between land use types was dramatic, including urban expansion accompanied by losses of farmland, grassland, and unused land; increased forestland; and significant increases in water bodies and wetland areas. (2) During the study period, the overall ESV of the YRB increased, and hydrological regulation and climate regulation services dominated the change in the ESVs in the study area. The ESV exhibited obvious ecogeographical pattern differentiation and evident positive spatial autocorrelation. High values were concentrated in the southern part of the study area, including the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region and the central part of the East Asian monsoon region. Low values were concentrated in the northwestern arid zone, dominated by desert and grassland ecosystems. (3) Because of the fragility of the regional ecological background, the spatial differentiation of the ESVs in the YRB is dependent on natural factors; however, anthropogenic factors such as the degree of land use and the human activity intensity also lead to ESV differentiation. The synergistic effects of human activities, landscape pattern changes, and natural factors result in the spatial differentiation of the ESVs in the research region. Therefore, human activities affecting the ecological environment should be controlled, nature-based solutions should be advocated, patch diversity should be increased, landscape fragmentation should be reduced, LULC ecosystem service functions should be improved, and the relationship among economic, social, and ecological landscape resources should be coordinated.
识别生态系统服务价值（ESV）的时空变化及其驱动因素是生态系统服务管理和决策的基础。本研究聚焦于黄河流域（YRB）。利用多期土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）数据集（1995 - 2018年），采用具有时空动态校正的当量系数法和探索性空间数据分析方法，评估因LULC变化导致的ESV变化及其空间特征。还通过地理探测器研究了ESV驱动因素的贡献及其相互作用。结果表明：（1）1995年至2018年期间，黄河流域以草地和耕地为主的土地利用结构稳定。然而，土地利用类型之间的转变剧烈，包括城市扩张伴随着农田、草地和未利用土地的减少；林地增加；水体和湿地面积显著增加。（2）在研究期间，黄河流域的总体ESV增加，水文调节和气候调节服务主导了研究区域ESV的变化。ESV呈现出明显的生态地理格局分化和明显的正空间自相关性。高值集中在研究区域的南部，包括青藏高原地区东南部和东亚季风区中部。低值集中在以沙漠和草地生态系统为主的西北干旱区。（3）由于区域生态背景的脆弱性，黄河流域ESV的空间分异依赖于自然因素；然而，土地利用程度和人类活动强度等人为因素也导致ESV分异。人类活动、景观格局变化和自然因素的协同作用导致了研究区域ESV的空间分异。因此，应控制影响生态环境的人类活动，倡导基于自然的解决方案，增加斑块多样性，减少景观破碎化，改善LULC生态系统服务功能，协调经济、社会和生态景观资源之间的关系。
