Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2021 Jan;35(1):480-489. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16005. Epub 2020 Dec 14.
Aspiration pneumonia (AP) and bronchopneumonia (BP) are poorly characterized diseases in cats that share clinical similarities to inflammatory airway disease (IAD).
Describe clinicopathologic, radiographic, and microbiologic features in cats with AP and BP and compare findings to those in cats with IAD.
Thirty-three cats with AP and 26 with BP; 44 cats with IAD.
Retrospective case-control study. Results extracted for all cats included signalment, physical examination findings, historical details, and potential risk factors for aspiration. Diagnostic test results were summarized including CBC, bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid analysis and microbial culture. Radiographs were reviewed in masked fashion and scored for severity. Results of BAL fluid analysis were assessed for evidence of septic inflammation.
Cats with AP were less likely to be presented for evaluation of cough (P < .001) and more likely to be hypothermic (P = .01) than were cats with IAD or BP. Median duration of signs was significantly shorter in cats with AP (12 days) compared to cats with BP or IAD (270 and 180 days; P = .01). Radiographically, cats with AP were more likely to have an alveolar pattern and higher total score than were cats with BP or IAD. Mycoplasma spp. were the organisms most commonly cultured from BAL fluid in cats with BP, but were not cultured from any cats with AP.
Pneumonia must be distinguished from IAD in cats with cough and AP should be considered in cats with acute onset of tachypnea.
吸入性肺炎（AP）和支气管肺炎（BP）是猫中特征不明显的疾病，与炎症性气道疾病（IAD）具有相似的临床特征。
描述 AP 和 BP 猫的临床病理、影像学和微生物学特征，并将这些发现与 IAD 猫进行比较。
33 只 AP 猫和 26 只 BP 猫；44 只 IAD 猫。
回顾性病例对照研究。提取所有猫的信息，包括年龄、体格检查结果、病史和潜在的吸入风险因素。总结诊断性测试结果，包括全血细胞计数、支气管肺泡（BAL）液分析和微生物培养。以盲法回顾 X 光片并对严重程度进行评分。评估 BAL 液分析结果是否存在败血症性炎症。
与 IAD 或 BP 猫相比，AP 猫就诊时更可能表现为体温过低（P <.001），而较少表现为咳嗽（P <.001）。AP 猫的症状持续时间中位数（12 天）明显短于 BP 或 IAD 猫（270 天和 180 天；P =.01）。影像学上，AP 猫更可能表现为肺泡模式，总评分高于 BP 或 IAD 猫。在 BP 猫的 BAL 液中，最常培养出的生物体是支原体属，但在任何 AP 猫的 BAL 液中均未培养出。
在有咳嗽的猫中，必须将肺炎与 IAD 区分开来，在有急性呼吸急促的猫中，应考虑 AP。
