William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2020 May;34(3):1291-1299. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15772. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
Idiopathic inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in cats often is described as asthmatic (eosinophilic) or bronchitic (neutrophilic), but this designation requires collection of airway fluid and it fails to consider cats with mixed airway inflammation.
To identify clinical features that would differentiate inflammatory disease types.
Forty-nine cats with nonspecific airway inflammation identified by bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) between 2011 and 2018 were evaluated.
This is a retrospective study. Cats were categorized by BAL differential cytology as having eosinophilic (eosinophils >20% with neutrophils <14%, or eosinophils >50%), mixed (eosinophils 20%-50% and neutrophils >14% or discordant inflammation from 2 BAL sites), or neutrophilic (neutrophils >14% and eosinophils <20%) inflammation. Type and duration of presenting complaints, signalment, body condition score, respiratory rate, CBC results, bronchoscopy, BAL results (% recovery, total nucleated cell count, differential cell count), and radiographic findings were compared among groups.
Idiopathic IAD was diagnosed in 49 cats, with BAL eosinophilic inflammation in 23, mixed inflammation in 14, and neutrophilic inflammation in 12. Cough was the predominant presenting complaint with no difference in duration of signs among groups (median, 5.5 months). Respiratory rate and effort also did not differ. Cats with eosinophilic inflammation were significantly younger (4.4 ± 3.3 years) than those with neutrophilic (8.0 ±5.6 years) or mixed inflammation (7.5 ± 4.0 years; P = .03). Results of CBC and interpretation of radiographic findings did not differ among groups.
Substantial overlap exists in clinical and radiographic findings in cats with various forms of idiopathic airway inflammation.
猫特发性炎症性气道疾病（IAD）通常被描述为哮喘（嗜酸性粒细胞）或支气管炎（中性粒细胞），但这种诊断需要采集气道液，且未能考虑到混合气道炎症的猫。
确定可区分炎症性疾病类型的临床特征。
2011 年至 2018 年间通过支气管镜支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）鉴定的 49 例具有非特异性气道炎症的猫进行了评估。
这是一项回顾性研究。根据 BAL 差异细胞学将猫分为嗜酸性粒细胞（嗜酸性粒细胞>20%，中性粒细胞<14%，或嗜酸性粒细胞>50%）、混合（嗜酸性粒细胞 20%-50%和中性粒细胞>14%或来自 2 个 BAL 部位的不一致炎症）或中性粒细胞（中性粒细胞>14%，嗜酸性粒细胞<20%）炎症。比较各组间的疾病类型和发病时间、品种、体况评分、呼吸频率、全血细胞计数结果、支气管镜检查、BAL 结果（%回收量、总核细胞计数、差异细胞计数）和影像学发现。
诊断为特发性 IAD 的 49 例猫中，BAL 嗜酸性粒细胞炎症 23 例，混合炎症 14 例，中性粒细胞炎症 12 例。咳嗽是主要的发病症状，各组间的症状持续时间无差异（中位数 5.5 个月）。呼吸频率和呼吸努力也无差异。嗜酸性粒细胞炎症的猫明显比中性粒细胞（8.0±5.6 岁）或混合炎症（7.5±4.0 岁）的猫更年轻（4.4±3.3 岁；P=0.03）。各组间的全血细胞计数结果和影像学发现的解读无差异。
在患有各种特发性气道炎症的猫中，临床和影像学发现存在大量重叠。
