Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany.
National Reference Laboratory for Paratuberculosis, Jena, Germany.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 14;15(12):e0243892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243892. eCollection 2020.
In current literature, data assessing the acid-base equilibrium in animals and humans during bacterial infection are rare. This study aimed to evaluate acid-base deteriorations in growing goats with experimentally induced NTM (nontuberculous mycobacteria) infections by application of the traditional Henderson-Hasselbalch approach and the strong ion model. NTM-challenged animals were orally inoculated with either Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH; n = 18) or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP; n = 48). Twenty-five goats served as non-infected controls. Until 51st week post-inoculation (wpi), blood gas analysis, serum biochemical analysis, and serum electrophoresis were performed on venous blood. Fifty percent (9/18) of goats inoculated with MAH developed acute clinical signs like apathy, fever, and diarrhea. Those animals died or had to be euthanized within 11 weeks post-inoculation. This acute form of NTM-infection was characterized by significantly lower concentrations of sodium, calcium, albumin, and total protein, as well as significantly higher concentrations of gamma globulin, associated with reduced albumin/globulin ratio. Acid-base status indicated alkalosis, but normal base excess and HCO3- concentrations, besides significantly reduced levels of SID (strong ion difference), Atot Alb (total plasma concentration of weak non-volatile acids, based on albumin), Atot TP (Atot based on total protein) and markedly lower SIG (strong ion gap). The remaining fifty percent (9/18) of MAH-infected goats and all goats challenged with MAP survived and presented a more sub-clinical, chronic form of infection mainly characterized by changes in serum protein profiles. With the progression of the disease, concentrations of gamma globulin, and total protein increased while albumin remained lower compared to controls. Consequently, significantly reduced albumin/globulin ratio and lower Atot Alb as well as higher Atot TP were observed. Changes were fully compensated with no effect on blood pH. Only the strong ion variables differentiated alterations in acid-base equilibrium during acute and chronic NTM-infection.
在当前的文献中，关于动物和人类在细菌感染期间酸碱平衡的数据评估很少。本研究旨在通过应用传统的 Henderson-Hasselbalch 方法和强离子模型来评估实验诱导的非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）感染的生长山羊的酸碱恶化。NTM 挑战动物通过口服接种鸟分枝杆菌亚种。同源亚种（MAH；n = 18）或鸟分枝杆菌亚种。副结核分枝杆菌（MAP；n = 48）。25 只山羊作为非感染对照。直到接种后第 51 周（wpi），对静脉血进行血气分析、血清生化分析和血清电泳。接种 MAH 的 50%（9/18）的山羊出现了冷漠、发热和腹泻等急性临床症状。这些动物在接种后 11 周内死亡或不得不安乐死。这种急性 NTM 感染形式的特征是钠、钙、白蛋白和总蛋白的浓度明显降低，以及γ球蛋白的浓度明显升高，同时白蛋白/球蛋白比值降低。酸碱状态表明碱中毒，但正常的碱剩余和 HCO3-浓度，以及显著降低的 SID（强离子差）、Atot Alb（基于白蛋白的弱非挥发性酸的总血浆浓度）、Atot TP（基于总蛋白的 Atot）和明显降低的 SIG（强离子间隙）。其余 50%（9/18）的 MAH 感染山羊和所有接种 MAP 的山羊存活并呈现出更亚临床、慢性感染形式，主要表现为血清蛋白谱的变化。随着疾病的发展，γ球蛋白和总蛋白的浓度增加，而白蛋白仍低于对照组。因此，观察到明显降低的白蛋白/球蛋白比值和更低的 Atot Alb 以及更高的 Atot TP。这些变化没有影响血液 pH 值，完全得到了补偿。只有强离子变量能够区分急性和慢性 NTM 感染期间酸碱平衡的变化。
