Research Group in Social, Environmental and Organizational Psychology (2014SGR992), Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Psychology, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 15;15(12):e0243726. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243726. eCollection 2020.
Extending previous studies on job crafting, the aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of job crafting on quality of care in residential homes for elderly people in two European countries (Spain and Sweden). We hypothesize that cognitive crafting could be a consequence of behavioral crafting and that it will mediate the relationship between behavioral crafting and the perception of quality of care. A correlational design was used, with two-waves approximately 12 months apart (n = 226). Our results indicate that behavioral job crafting at T1 had an effect on cognitive job crafting at T2, relational job crafting at T1 increases quality of care at T2, and the mediation effect of cognitive job crafting. These results indicate that we must differentiate between the two forms of crafting (behavioral and cognitive), not as indicators of the same latent construct, but as aggregates. Additionally, we point out two main implications for managerial practice. First, as relational job crafting has a direct effect on quality of care, it is important to assure an organizational culture oriented towards employees. Secondly, due to the mediation effect of cognitive job crafting, managers should facilitate meaningful work environments. To do so, jobs should be re-designed, increasing skills variety, identity and significance.
延续以往关于工作重塑的研究，本研究旨在分析工作重塑对两个欧洲国家（西班牙和瑞典）老年人居住之家护理质量的影响。我们假设认知性工作重塑可能是行为性工作重塑的结果，并且它将在行为性工作重塑与护理质量感知之间起中介作用。本研究采用了相关设计，两次调查之间大约间隔 12 个月（n=226）。研究结果表明，T1 时的行为性工作重塑对 T2 时的认知性工作重塑有影响，T1 时的关系性工作重塑提高了 T2 时的护理质量，并且认知性工作重塑具有中介效应。这些结果表明，我们必须区分两种形式的工作重塑（行为性和认知性），而不是将它们作为同一潜在结构的指标，而是作为聚合指标。此外，我们还指出了管理实践的两个主要启示。首先，由于关系性工作重塑对护理质量有直接影响，因此确保员工导向的组织文化非常重要。其次，由于认知性工作重塑的中介效应，管理者应该促进有意义的工作环境。为此，应重新设计工作，增加技能多样性、身份和意义。
