Salikin Nor Hawani, Nappi Jadranka, Majzoub Marwan E, Egan Suhelen
Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
Microorganisms. 2020 Dec 11;8(12):1963. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8121963.
Parasitic nematode infections cause debilitating diseases and impede economic productivity. Antinematode chemotherapies are fundamental to modern medicine and are also important for industries including agriculture, aquaculture and animal health. However, the lack of suitable treatments for some diseases and the rise of nematode resistance to many available therapies necessitates the discovery and development of new drugs. Here, marine epiphytic bacteria represent a promising repository of newly discovered antinematode compounds. Epiphytic bacteria are ubiquitous on marine surfaces where they are under constant pressure of grazing by bacterivorous predators (e.g., protozoans and nematodes). Studies have shown that these bacteria have developed defense strategies to prevent grazers by producing toxic bioactive compounds. Although several active metabolites against nematodes have been identified from marine bacteria, drug discovery from marine microorganisms remains underexplored. In this review, we aim to provide further insight into the need and potential for marine epiphytic bacteria to become a new source of antinematode drugs. We discuss current and emerging strategies, including culture-independent high throughput screening and the utilization of as a model target organism, which will be required to advance antinematode drug discovery and development from marine microbial sources.
寄生线虫感染会引发使人虚弱的疾病，并阻碍经济生产力。抗线虫化疗是现代医学的基础，对包括农业、水产养殖和动物健康在内的行业也很重要。然而，一些疾病缺乏合适的治疗方法，且线虫对许多现有疗法产生耐药性，这就需要发现和开发新药。在此，海洋附生细菌是新发现的抗线虫化合物的一个有前景的来源库。附生细菌在海洋表面无处不在，在那里它们不断受到食细菌捕食者（如原生动物和线虫）捕食的压力。研究表明，这些细菌已通过产生有毒生物活性化合物来制定防御策略以抵御捕食者。尽管已从海洋细菌中鉴定出几种对线虫有活性的代谢物，但从海洋微生物中发现药物仍未得到充分探索。在本综述中，我们旨在进一步深入了解海洋附生细菌成为抗线虫药物新来源的必要性和潜力。我们讨论了当前和新兴的策略，包括不依赖培养的高通量筛选以及利用作为模型靶标生物，这些是推进从海洋微生物来源发现和开发抗线虫药物所必需的。
