Venios Xenophon, Korkas Elias, Nisiotou Aspasia, Banilas Georgios
Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, Greece.
Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Sofokli Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Dec 11;9(12):1754. doi: 10.3390/plants9121754.
The potential effects of the forthcoming climate change include the rising of the average annual temperature and the accumulation of extreme weather events, like frequent and severe heatwaves, a phenomenon known as global warming. Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting almost all aspects of growth and development in plants. The grapevine ( spp.) is quite sensitive to extreme temperatures. Over the current century, temperatures are projected to continue rising with negative impacts on viticulture. These consequences range from short-term effects on wine quality to long-term issues such as the suitability of certain varieties and the sustainability of viticulture in traditional wine regions. Many viticultural zones, particularly in Mediterranean climate regions, may not be suitable for growing winegrapes in the near future unless we develop heat-stress-adapted genotypes or identify and exploit stress-tolerant germplasm. Grapevines, like other plants, have developed strategies to maintain homeostasis and cope with high-temperature stress. These mechanisms include physiological adaptations and activation of signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks governing heat stress response and acquisition of thermotolerance. Here, we review the major impacts of global warming on grape phenology and viticulture and focus on the physiological and molecular responses of the grapevine to heat stress.
即将到来的气候变化的潜在影响包括年平均气温上升和极端天气事件的积累，如频繁且严重的热浪，这一现象被称为全球变暖。温度是影响植物生长和发育几乎所有方面的重要环境因素。葡萄（葡萄属）对极端温度相当敏感。在本世纪，预计气温将持续上升，对葡萄栽培产生负面影响。这些后果从对葡萄酒质量的短期影响到长期问题，如某些品种的适宜性以及传统葡萄酒产区葡萄栽培的可持续性。许多葡萄种植区，特别是在地中海气候地区，除非我们培育出适应热胁迫的基因型或鉴定并利用耐胁迫种质，否则在不久的将来可能不适合种植酿酒葡萄。葡萄与其他植物一样，已经形成了维持体内平衡并应对高温胁迫的策略。这些机制包括生理适应以及调控热胁迫反应和耐热性获得的信号通路和基因调控网络的激活。在此，我们综述全球变暖对葡萄物候和葡萄栽培的主要影响，并聚焦于葡萄对热胁迫的生理和分子反应。
