Universidad de Navarra, Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Irunlarrea, 1., 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité Mixte de Recherche, 1287 Ecophysiologie et génomique fonctionelle de la vigne, 33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche, 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)- Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain.
J Plant Physiol. 2020 Sep;252:153226. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153226. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
Atmospheric CO levels and global temperatures are expected to rise in the next decades, and viticulture must face these changes. Within this context, exploiting the intra-varietal diversity of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) can be a useful tool for the adaptation of this crop to climate change. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of elevated temperature and elevated levels of atmospheric CO, both individually and combined, on the growth, phenology and carbon partitioning of five clones of the cultivar Tempranillo (RJ43, CL306, T3, VN31 and 1084). The hypothesis that clones within the same variety that differ in their phenological development may respond in a different manner to the above mentioned environmental factors from a physiological point of view was tested. Grapevine fruit-bearing cuttings were grown from fruit set to maturity under two temperature regimes: ambient (T) vs elevated (ambient + 4°C, T + 4), combined with two CO levels: ambient (ca. 400 ppm, ACO) vs elevated (700 ppm, ECO), in temperature-gradient greenhouses (TGGs). Considering all the clones, elevated temperature hastened grape development and increased vegetative growth, but reduced grape production, the later most likely associated with the heat waves recorded during the experiment. Plants in the elevated CO treatments showed a higher photosynthetic activity at veraison and an increased vegetative growth, but they showed signs of photosynthetic acclimation to ECO at maturity according to the C:N ratio, especially when combined with high temperature. The combination of ECO and T + 4, mimicking climate change environmental conditions, showed additive effects in some of the parameters analyzed. The clones showed differences in their phenological development, which conditioned some responses to elevated CO and temperature in terms of vegetative production and C partitioning into different organs. The work adds new knowledge on the use of different grapevine clones, that can be useful to improve the viticultural efficiency in future climate change scenarios.
在未来几十年，大气 CO 水平和全球温度预计将会上升，葡萄栽培必须应对这些变化。在这种情况下，利用葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）的品种内多样性可以成为适应气候变化的一种有用工具。本研究的目的是研究单独和组合升高温度和大气 CO 水平对五个 Tempranillo 品种（RJ43、CL306、T3、VN31 和 1084）克隆体的生长、物候和碳分配的影响。从生理学的角度来看，测试了这样一个假设，即在同一品种内，物候发育不同的克隆体可能会以不同的方式对上述环境因素做出反应。从果实形成到成熟，葡萄结果枝在两种温度制度下生长：对照（T）和升高（对照+4°C，T+4），同时结合两种 CO 水平：对照（约 400ppm，ACO）和升高（700ppm，ECO），在温度梯度温室（TGGs）中。考虑到所有的克隆体，升高的温度加速了葡萄的发育和营养生长，但降低了葡萄的产量，这很可能与实验期间记录的热浪有关。在 ECO 处理下的植物在转色期表现出更高的光合作用活性和更强的营养生长，但在成熟时根据 C:N 比表现出对 ECO 的光合适应迹象，特别是与高温结合时。ECO 和 T+4 的组合，模拟了气候变化的环境条件，在一些分析参数中表现出相加效应。克隆体在物候发育方面表现出差异，这影响了一些对升高的 CO 和温度的响应，表现在营养生长和 C 分配到不同器官的差异。这项工作增加了对不同葡萄克隆体的利用的新知识，这对未来气候变化情景下提高葡萄栽培效率可能有用。
