Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain.
Health Psychology Department Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 11;17(24):9266. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249266.
Although gambling is forbidden for minors, the prevalence of gambling among adolescents is increasing. In order to improve preventive interventions, more evidence on predictors of gambling onset is needed. A longitudinal study was proposed to (1) establish the prevalence of gambling; (2) identify factors associated with gambling behavior the following year; and (3) adjust a model to predict gambling behavior. A cohort of 1074 students (13-18 years old) was followed for 12 months. The prevalence of gambling reached 42.0% in the second measure. Boys gambled 2.7 times more than girls, and the highest percentages of gambling onset showed up between 13 and 14 years old. Gambling onset and maintenance was associated with gender, age, sensation-seeking, risk perception, self-efficacy for not gambling, parents' attitude towards gambling, group pressure (friends), subjective norm, exposure to advertising, accessibility, normative perception, gambling in T and parents gambling behavior. Gender, gambling in T and risk perception were significant in all three logistic adjusted regression models, with the fourth variable being sensation seeking, peer pressure (friends) and accessibility, respectively. It is suggested that universal prevention should be aimed preferably at children under 15 years old and to alert regulators and public administrations to the directly proportional relationship between accessibility and gambling onset.
尽管赌博被禁止未成年人参与，但青少年赌博的流行率却在上升。为了改进预防干预措施，我们需要更多关于赌博起始预测因素的证据。本研究提出了一项纵向研究，旨在：（1）确定赌博的流行率；（2）确定与次年赌博行为相关的因素；（3）调整模型以预测赌博行为。对 1074 名学生（13-18 岁）进行了为期 12 个月的随访。在第二项测量中，赌博的流行率达到了 42.0%。男孩赌博的可能性是女孩的 2.7 倍，而 13 至 14 岁的青少年开始赌博的比例最高。赌博的起始和维持与性别、年龄、寻求刺激、风险感知、不赌博的自我效能感、父母对赌博的态度、同伴压力（朋友）、主观规范、广告接触、可及性、规范感知、T 中赌博和父母赌博行为有关。在所有三个逻辑回归调整模型中，性别、T 中赌博和风险感知均具有统计学意义，第四个变量分别为寻求刺激、同伴压力（朋友）和可及性。建议普遍预防措施最好针对 15 岁以下的儿童，并提醒监管机构和公共行政部门注意可及性与赌博起始之间的成正比关系。
