Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Two Mitochondrial Gene Sequences of Strobilocercus Fasciolaris in the Livers of Brown Rats () in Heilongjiang Province in Northeastern China.

Rodents constitute the largest and most successful group of mammals worldwide. Brown rats () are one of the most common rodent species, and they serve as intermediate hosts of Although there have been a few studies reporting on the presence of the larval form of (strobilocercus fasciolaris) in brown rats worldwide, little information is available on the genetic characterization of this parasite, with no molecular data from China. Therefore, from April 2014 to March 2016, this study was carried out to understand the prevalence and genetic characters of strobilocercus fasciolaris in brown rats captured in Heilongjiang Province in northeastern China. The livers of brown rats were collected and examined for the presence of cysts. Each cyst was identified based on morphological observation: the larvae with the naked eye and the scolexes under a microscope. The results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 () and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 () genes. At the investigated sites, 11.8% (13/110) of the brown rats were infected with strobilocercus fasciolaris. Based on sequence analysis, there were 10 and six haplotypes regarding the and the loci, with 24 and 42 polymorphic sites, respectively (degree of intraspecific variation: 0.3%-4.4% and 0.6%-4.7%, respectively). Twelve nucleotide sequences (six of the 10 at the locus and all six at the locus) have not previously been described. Base differences in three of the six novel gene sequences and five of the six novel gene sequences caused amino acid changes. Phylogenetic analyses of the and gene sequences based on neighbor-joining and Bayesian inference trees indicated that all the strobilocercus fasciolaris isolates belonged to sensu stricto (s.s.). This is the first report on the genetic characterization of strobilocercus fasciolaris in brown rats in China. The findings of novel and nucleotide and amino acid sequences may reflect the region-specific genetic characterization of the parasite. The data will be useful to explore the biological and epidemiological significance of the intraspecific variation within s.s.