Papousek Ilona, Reiter-Scheidl Katharina, Lackner Helmut K, Weiss Elisabeth M, Perchtold-Stefan Corinna M, Aydin Nilüfer
Biological Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2020 Dec 14;10(12):191. doi: 10.3390/bs10120191.
Research indicates that non-human attachment figures may mitigate the negative consequences of social exclusion. In the current experiment, we examined how the presence of an unfamiliar companion dog in the laboratory effects physiological and behavioral reactions in female emerging adults after social exclusion compared to inclusion. Results revealed the beneficial effects of the dog: Socially excluded participants in the company of a dog showed less aggressive behavior in response to the hot sauce paradigm compared to excluded participants in the control condition. Furthermore, cardiac responses indicated mitigated perception of threat in a subsequent insult episode when a dog was present. The presence of a dog did not impact the most instantaneous, "reflexive" response to the social exclusion as revealed by characteristic cardiac changes. Together, the findings indicate that the presence of a companion dog takes effect in a later, reflective period following a social exclusion experience, which implicates relevant social elaboration and appraisal processes.
研究表明，非人类的依恋对象可能会减轻社会排斥的负面影响。在当前的实验中，我们研究了与被接纳相比，实验室中一只不熟悉的陪伴犬的存在如何影响处于社会排斥状态的成年早期女性的生理和行为反应。结果揭示了狗的有益影响：与处于对照条件下被排斥的参与者相比，在狗陪伴下被社会排斥的参与者在面对辣酱范式时表现出较少的攻击性行为。此外，心脏反应表明，当有狗在场时，在随后的侮辱事件中对威胁的感知有所减轻。正如特征性心脏变化所显示的那样，狗的存在并未影响对社会排斥最即时的“反射性”反应。总之，研究结果表明，陪伴犬的存在会在社会排斥经历后的较晚、反思阶段产生作用，这涉及相关的社会阐述和评估过程。
