Benkirane Hasnae, Heikel Jaafar, Laamiri Fatima Zahra, Bouziani Amina, Lahmam Houria, Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub, El Haloui Noureddine, Ennibi Khalid, Akhtar-Khan Naim, El Fahime El Mostafa, Obtel Majdouline, Barkat Amina, Aguenaou Hassan
CNESTEN, Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco.
Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.
Front Physiol. 2020 Nov 19;11:595005. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.595005. eCollection 2020.
The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents a significant and urgent threat to global health. This alarming viral infection, declared as pandemic by the WHO in February 2020, has resulted millions of infected patients and thousands of deaths around the world. In Morocco, despite the efforts made by the authorities, the SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and constitutes a burden of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to describe clinical characteristics of COVID-19 Moroccan patients and to establish the relationship between specific clinical symptoms, namely ageusia and/or anosmia, with these characteristics.
We performed a descriptive, non-interventional cross-sectional study analyzing data from 108 patients admitted to the VINCI clinic, Casablanca (Morocco). The database includes 39 parameters including epidemiological characteristics, anthropometric measurements and biological analyzes.
The average of age of the patients was 43.80 ± 15.75 years with a sex ratio of 1:1. The mean body mass index of the patients was 25.54 ± 4.63 Kg/m. The majority of patients had, at least, one comorbidity and among 75% symptomatic patients, about 50% had, at least, three symptoms namely, fever (40.7%), cough (39.8%), myalgia (28.7%), and anosmia and/or ageusia (20.4%). From biological analyzes, we noticed lymphopenia and an elevated protein C reactive and lactate dehydrogenases levels in 24.1, 36.1, and 35.2% of patients, respectively. A disturbance in liver function markers was observed in 15.7% of cases. For the other hemostasis parameters, high levels of prothrombin and platelets were reported in 14.6 and 14.8% of patients, respectively. Comparisons related to the presence of anosmia and/or ageusia did not show any difference for demographic and anthropometric characteristics, while a possibility of a significant difference was revealed for certain biological parameters, particularly the levels of lymphocytes, D-dimer and troponin.
This study provides significant findings that will be used not only to supplement previous studies carried out in Morocco in order to resume the epidemiological situation in comparison with other countries, but also to improve the quality of the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients by identifying all the symptoms of the disease and better understanding its clinical outcomes.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发了2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19），对全球健康构成了重大且紧迫的威胁。这种令人担忧的病毒感染于2020年2月被世界卫生组织宣布为大流行病，已导致全球数百万患者感染和数千人死亡。在摩洛哥，尽管当局做出了努力，但SARS-CoV-2仍在继续传播，并构成了发病和死亡负担。本研究的目的是描述摩洛哥COVID-19患者的临床特征，并确定特定临床症状（即嗅觉减退和/或味觉减退）与这些特征之间的关系。
我们进行了一项描述性、非干预性横断面研究，分析了摩洛哥卡萨布兰卡VINCI诊所收治的108例患者的数据。数据库包括39个参数，包括流行病学特征、人体测量和生物学分析。
患者的平均年龄为43.80±15.75岁，性别比为1:1。患者的平均体重指数为25.54±4.63kg/m。大多数患者至少有一种合并症，在75%有症状的患者中，约50%至少有三种症状，即发热（40.7%）、咳嗽（39.8%）、肌痛（28.7%）以及嗅觉减退和/或味觉减退（20.4%）。从生物学分析中，我们注意到分别有24.1%、36.1%和35.2%的患者出现淋巴细胞减少以及C反应蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶水平升高。15.7%的病例观察到肝功能指标异常。对于其他止血参数，分别有14.6%和14.8%的患者报告凝血酶原和血小板水平升高。与嗅觉减退和/或味觉减退的存在相关的比较在人口统计学和人体测量特征方面未显示任何差异，而对于某些生物学参数，特别是淋巴细胞、D-二聚体和肌钙蛋白水平，显示出存在显著差异的可能性。
本研究提供了重要发现，不仅将用于补充摩洛哥此前开展的研究，以便与其他国家比较恢复流行病学情况，还将通过识别该疾病的所有症状并更好地了解其临床结局来提高COVID-19患者的诊断质量。
