Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electronics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
Front Immunol. 2020 Nov 19;11:589929. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589929. eCollection 2020.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a catalytic subunit of telomerase. Telomerase complex plays a key role in cancer formation by telomere dependent or independent mechanisms. Telomere maintenance mechanisms include complex changes such as gene amplifications, structural variants, promoter germline and somatic mutations, epigenetic changes, and alternative lengthening of telomere. All of them are cancer specific at tissue histotype and at single cell level expression is regulated in tumors multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations which affect telomerase activity. Telomerase activity expression has an impact on telomere length and can be a useful marker in diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers and a new therapy approach. In this review we want to highlight the main roles of in different mechanisms of cancer development and regulation.
端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）是端粒酶的催化亚基。端粒酶复合物通过端粒依赖或非依赖机制在癌症形成中发挥关键作用。端粒维持机制包括基因扩增、结构变异、启动子种系和体细胞突变、表观遗传变化和端粒的替代性延长等复杂变化。所有这些在组织组织类型上都是癌症特异性的，在单细胞水平上的表达受到肿瘤中影响端粒酶活性的多种遗传和表观遗传改变的调节。端粒酶活性和表达对端粒长度有影响，可以作为各种癌症诊断和预后的有用标志物，也是一种新的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们想强调 TERT 在癌症发展和调控的不同机制中的主要作用。
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