Dellero Younès
IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Nov 30;11:602548. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.602548. eCollection 2020.
In a context of a growing worldwide food demand coupled to the need to develop a sustainable agriculture, it is crucial to improve crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) while reducing field N inputs. Classical genetic approaches based on natural allelic variations existing within crops have led to the discovery of quantitative trait loci controlling NUE under low nitrogen conditions; however, the identification of candidate genes from mapping studies is still challenging. Amino acid metabolism is the cornerstone of plant N management, which involves N uptake, assimilation, and remobilization efficiencies, and it is finely regulated during acclimation to low N conditions and other abiotic stresses. Over the last two decades, biotechnological engineering of amino acid metabolism has led to promising results for the improvement of crop NUE, and more recently under low N conditions. This review summarizes current work carried out in crops and provides perspectives on the identification of new candidate genes and future strategies for crop improvement.
在全球粮食需求不断增长以及发展可持续农业的背景下，提高作物氮素利用效率（NUE）同时减少田间氮投入至关重要。基于作物中存在的自然等位基因变异的经典遗传方法已导致发现了在低氮条件下控制NUE的数量性状位点；然而，从定位研究中鉴定候选基因仍然具有挑战性。氨基酸代谢是植物氮管理的基石，它涉及氮的吸收、同化和再利用效率，并且在适应低氮条件和其他非生物胁迫期间受到精细调节。在过去二十年中，氨基酸代谢的生物技术工程已在提高作物NUE方面取得了有希望的成果，最近在低氮条件下也是如此。本综述总结了目前在作物中开展的工作，并就新候选基因的鉴定和作物改良的未来策略提供了观点。
