Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 22;13(1):20453. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47922-y.
The effect of urea-loaded cellulose hydrogel, a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on growth and yield of upland rice were investigated in upland rice. As with the initial research, nitrogen (N) treatments were applied as CRF treatments; T2H (30 kg N ha), T3H (60 kg N ha), T4H (90 kg N ha), T5H (120 kg N ha) and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) at 120 kg N ha RDF (T6U) in split application and T1 (0 N) as control. Results from this study indicated that applying CRF at the optimum N rate, T4H resulted in maximum grain yield, increasing by 71%. The analysis of yield components revealed that higher grain yield in T4H CRF was associated with an increase in panicle number and number of grains per panicle. Maximum grain N uptake of 0.25 g kg was also observed in T4H CRF. In addition, T4H CRF recorded the highest harvest index (HI) and N harvest index (NHI) of 45.5% and 67.9%, respectively. Application of T4H CRF also recorded the highest N use efficiency (NUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NAE), 52.6% and 12.8 kg kg, respectively. Observations show that CRF with only 75% N applied (T4H) in soil improved grain yield when compared to CRF with 100% N and 100% RDF in farmers' conventional split application. This suggested that CRF with a moderate N application might produce the highest potential yield and improved N efficiencies while enhancing crop production and further increase in N supply did not increase yield and N efficiencies. The results suggest that the application of T4H CRF for upland rice would enhance HI, N efficiencies and improve the yield of upland rice. Also, all growth parameters and yield were positively influenced by the application of CRF as a basal dose compared to split application of conventional urea fertilizers.
在旱地水稻中，研究了负载尿素的纤维素水凝胶（一种控释肥料（CRF））对旱地水稻生长和产量的影响。与初始研究一样，氮（N）处理作为 CRF 处理应用；T2H（30kgNha）、T3H（60kgNha）、T4H（90kgNha）、T5H（120kgNha）和推荐施肥量（RDF）在 120kgNhaRDF（T6U）的分次施用，T1（0N）为对照。本研究结果表明，在最佳 N 率下施用 CRF，T4H 可使稻谷产量最大增加 71%。产量构成因素分析表明，T4H CRF 较高的稻谷产量与穗数和每穗粒数的增加有关。T4H CRF 还观察到最高的籽粒 N 吸收量为 0.25gkg。此外，T4H CRF 记录了最高的收获指数（HI）和 N 收获指数（NHI），分别为 45.5%和 67.9%。T4H CRF 的应用还记录了最高的 N 利用效率（NUE）和 N 农学效率（NAE），分别为 52.6%和 12.8kgkg。观察结果表明，与农民传统分次施用的 100%N 和 100%RDF 相比，土壤中仅施用 75%N 的 CRF（T4H）可提高稻谷产量。这表明，施用中等量 N 的 CRF 可能会产生最高的潜在产量和提高 N 效率，同时提高作物产量，而进一步增加 N 供应不会增加产量和 N 效率。研究结果表明，施用 T4H CRF 可提高旱地水稻的 HI、N 效率和产量。此外，与传统尿素肥料分次施用相比，CRF 作为基肥的应用对所有生长参数和产量均有正向影响。
