College of Education & Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Disabil Rehabil. 2021 Dec;43(24):3503-3514. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1849427. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
In 1994, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) established the IPC Sport Science Committee in an effort to bring Paralympic Movement relevant research questions to the academic world. In 1996, the IPC Sport Science Committee put an application system in place, allowing scholars to conduct research at the Paralympic Games. The aim of this perspective paper is to overview the main outcomes of the fifty-six research projects conducted from Atlanta 1996 until PyeongChang 2018 during Paralympic Games' time; and to discuss the state-of-the-art of the IPC Research Strategic Goals.
Research projects conducted at the Paralympic Games from Atlanta 1996 to PyeongChang 2018 were clustered according to the IPC Research Strategic Goals (publications retrieved through the following procedure: analyzing the IPC Medical & Scientific Department project file; systematic search of Pubmed and SportDiscus with "Name Principal Investigator" and "Paralympic" as search terms; email to principal investigator if no outcome retrieved).
Games-time projects targeted Paralympic research strategic goals, such as athletes' health, athletes' performance, evidence-based classification, participation, Paralympic legacy, and education.
Some of the projects proved high relevance and became standard Games' operations; however, generally, projects operate in isolation and could benefit from collaboration with expert-stakeholders (e.g., athletes, coaches, governing International Sport Federations, relevant IPC departments, network of academic scholars). Sport science research in the Paralympic Movement should move fast and collaborative to catch up on evolution.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONFrom a health perspective, fine-tuning of the patient/athlete-equipment interface to optimize function/performance is a challenge for the rehabilitation specialist/coach.The musculoskeletal balance of the shoulder joints is a lifelong concern for permanent wheelchair users, especially those involved in dynamic wheelchair sports.Education about autonomic dysreflexia and boosting in patients/athletes with spinal cord injury is an integral part of the rehabilitation process.Rehabilitation experts have an ideal educational profile to contribute to evidence-based classification, as a para-sports classifier, or as a researcher.
1994 年，国际残奥会（IPC）成立了国际残奥会运动科学委员会，努力将与残奥会运动相关的研究问题带到学术界。1996 年，IPC 运动科学委员会建立了一个申请系统，允许学者在残奥会上进行研究。本文的目的是概述 1996 年亚特兰大残奥会至 2018 年平昌残奥会期间进行的 56 个研究项目的主要成果；并讨论 IPC 研究战略目标的最新进展。
根据 IPC 研究战略目标（通过以下程序检索的出版物：分析 IPC 医学和科学部项目档案；系统搜索 Pubmed 和 SportDiscus，使用“主要研究者姓名”和“残奥会”作为搜索词；如果未检索到结果，则向主要研究者发送电子邮件），对亚特兰大 1996 年至平昌 2018 年残奥会期间进行的研究项目进行分组。
比赛时间项目针对残奥会研究战略目标，如运动员健康、运动员表现、循证分类、参与、残奥会遗产和教育。
一些项目证明具有高度相关性，并成为标准的比赛运作；然而，一般来说，项目是孤立运作的，可以从与专家利益相关者（例如，运动员、教练、管理国际体育联合会、相关的 IPC 部门、学术学者网络）的合作中受益。残奥会运动中的运动科学研究应该快速而协作，以赶上发展。
从健康角度来看，调整患者/运动员-设备接口以优化功能/性能是康复专家/教练面临的挑战。对于永久性轮椅使用者，尤其是参与动态轮椅运动的人来说，肩关节的肌肉骨骼平衡是一个终身关注的问题。脊髓损伤患者/运动员自主反射障碍和升压教育是康复过程的一个组成部分。康复专家具有理想的教育背景，可以作为一名残疾体育分类员、分类员或研究员，为循证分类做出贡献。
