Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2021 May;21(5):305-320. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2671. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is primarily found in North America and the Caribbean. Over the past decade there has been an increase in virus activity, including large outbreaks in human and horse populations. Predicted climate change is expected to affect the range of mosquitoes including vectors of EEEV, which may alter disease risk posing a public health concern. A scoping review (ScR) was conducted to identify and characterize the global evidence on EEEV. A thorough search was conducted in relevant bibliographic databases and government websites. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance and the characteristics of relevant articles were extracted using a uniformly implemented data collection form. The study protocol was developed and described the methods and tools used and this article follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting ScRs. The ScR included 718 relevant research articles. The majority of the articles originated from North America (97%) between 1933 and 2019. EEEV has been identified in 35 species of mosquitoes, over 200 species of birds, various domestic animals, wild mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Articles identified in this ScR primarily covered three topic areas: epidemiology of hosts and vectors (344 articles) including surveillance results (138), pathogenesis of EEEV in hosts (193), and studies characterizing EEEV (111). Fewer articles evaluated the accuracy of diagnostic tests (63), the efficacy of mitigation strategies (62), transmission dynamics (56), treatment of EEEV in hosts (10), societal knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (4), and economic burden (2). With the projected impact of climate change on mosquito populations, it is expected that the risk of EEEV could change resulting in higher disease burden or spread into previously unaffected areas. Future research efforts should focus on closing some of the important knowledge gaps identified in this ScR.
东部马脑炎病毒（EEEV）是一种通过蚊子传播的病毒，主要存在于北美洲和加勒比地区。在过去的十年中，病毒活动有所增加，包括人类和马群中的大规模疫情爆发。预计气候变化将影响蚊子的范围，包括 EEEV 的传播媒介，这可能会改变疾病风险，构成公共卫生关注。
进行了范围综述（ScR）以确定和描述 EEEV 的全球证据。在相关文献数据库和政府网站中进行了彻底搜索。两名审查员筛选了标题和摘要的相关性，并使用统一实施的数据收集表格提取了相关文章的特征。该研究方案已制定，并描述了使用的方法和工具，本文遵循 PRISMA-ScR 指南报告 ScR。ScR 包括 718 篇相关研究文章。这些文章主要来自北美洲（97%），发表时间为 1933 年至 2019 年。已在 35 种蚊子、200 多种鸟类、各种家畜、野生动物、爬行动物和两栖动物中鉴定出 EEEV。本 ScR 中确定的文章主要涵盖三个主题领域：宿主和媒介的流行病学（344 篇文章），包括监测结果（138 篇）、宿主中 EEEV 的发病机制（193 篇）和表征 EEEV 的研究（111 篇）。评估诊断测试准确性的文章较少（63 篇）、缓解策略效果的文章较少（62 篇）、传播动力学的文章较少（56 篇）、宿主中 EEEV 的治疗方法的文章较少（10 篇）、社会知识、态度和看法的文章较少（4 篇）以及经济负担的文章较少（2 篇）。
随着气候变化对蚊子种群的预期影响，预计 EEEV 的风险可能会发生变化，导致疾病负担增加或传播到以前未受影响的地区。未来的研究工作应重点关注缩小本 ScR 中确定的一些重要知识差距。
