Department of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 17;15(12):e0241530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241530. eCollection 2020.
Maize, Zea mays L., is the most abundant field crop in China. Aphids are the most economically damaging pest on maize, particularly in the maize agri-ecosystems of Jilin Province, northeastern China. Parasitic wasps are important natural enemies of aphids, but limited information exists about their species composition, richness and seasonal dynamics in northeastern China. In this study, the population dynamics of maize aphids and parasitoid wasps were assessed in relation to each other during the summer seasons of two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019. We selected maize fields in the Changchun, Songyuan, Huinan and Gongzhuling areas of Jilin Province. Four species of aphids were recorded from these maize fields: Rhopalosiphum padi (L), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Aphis gossypii Glover and Macrosiphum miscanthi (Takahashi). The dominant species in each of the four areas were R. maids (Filch) and R. padi in Changchun, R. padi in Songyuan, A. gossypii and R. padi in Huinan, and A.gossypii and R. padi in Gongzhuling. We delineated a species complex made up of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with maize aphids. The primary parasitoids Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Binodoxys communis and Aphelinus albipodus together formed approximately 85.3% of the parasitoid complex. Pachyneuron aphidis, Phaenoglyphis villosa, Syrphophagus taeniatus and Asaphes suspensus made up the hyperparasitoids. Of the primary parasitoids, L. testaceipes was the dominant species (81.31%). Of the hyperparasitoid group, P. villosa was the dominant species (68.42%). Parasitism rates followed the fluctuation of the aphid population. The highest parasitic rate was observed during the peak period of cotton aphids. In this paper, the occurrence dynamics and dominant species of aphids and the dynamics of parasitic natural enemies of aphids in maize fields in Jilin Province are, for the first time, systematically reported. This study provides important information for the establishment and promotion of aphid biological control in maize fields.
玉米是中国种植面积最大的粮食作物。在中国东北地区吉林省的玉米农业生态系统中，蚜虫是对玉米危害最严重的经济害虫。寄生蜂是蚜虫的重要天敌，但关于它们在东北地区的物种组成、丰富度和季节性动态的信息有限。本研究于 2018 年和 2019 年连续两个夏季，评估了玉米蚜虫及其寄生蜂种群之间的相互关系。我们选择了吉林省长春市、松原市、辉南县和公主岭市的玉米田。从这些玉米田中记录到了 4 种蚜虫：禾谷缢管蚜、麦长管蚜、棉蚜和玉米绵蚜。四个地区的优势种均为长春的麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜、松原的禾谷缢管蚜、辉南的棉蚜和禾谷缢管蚜以及公主岭的棉蚜和禾谷缢管蚜。我们划定了一个由与玉米蚜虫相关的主要寄生蜂和重寄生蜂组成的物种复合体。主要寄生蜂包括麦长管蚜茧蜂、双斑恩蚜小蜂和菜蚜茧蜂，它们共同构成了约 85.3%的寄生蜂复合体。重寄生蜂包括菜粉蝶盘绒茧蜂、黄足盘绒茧蜂、黑带食蚜蝇和悬茧姬蜂。在主要寄生蜂中，麦长管蚜茧蜂是优势种（81.31%）。在重寄生蜂组中，菜粉蝶盘绒茧蜂是优势种（68.42%）。寄生率随蚜虫种群的波动而变化。最高寄生率出现在棉蚜高峰期。本文首次系统报道了吉林省玉米田蚜虫的发生动态和优势种，以及蚜虫寄生性天敌的动态。本研究为在玉米田建立和推广蚜虫生物防治提供了重要信息。
