2nd Medical Department.
Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, 'Iuliu Haţieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2021 Mar 1;37(2):152-157. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000706.
The review examines the latest research on the use of dietary interventions in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in order to understand what is the evidence supporting the efficacy of a dietary approach in this disorder.
A general dietary advice should be offered to all IBS patients. Psyllium supplementation is recommended in IBS with both constipation and diarrhea predominance. There is increasing evidence showing the beneficial effects of a low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet (LFD) on IBS symptoms. FODMAPs that are well tolerated should be reintroduced in daily diet, to increase acceptability of the diet, and limit potentially harmful effects. The benefits observed with the gluten-free diet seem determined by the reduction of FODMAPs rather than gluten. Modulation of gut microbiota using probiotics shows promising results, but there are unanswered questions regarding the optimal strains, dose and duration of treatment. Additional evidence is also needed for the role of prebiotics and synbiotics in IBS.
Food is both trigger of IBS symptoms and therapeutic tool. Recent studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of LFD on symptom control, as well as the role of probiotics, which seem to contribute to gut health and function.
本文回顾了饮食干预在肠易激综合征（IBS）管理中的最新研究，以了解支持饮食方法在该疾病中有效性的证据。
应向所有 IBS 患者提供一般饮食建议。对于便秘和腹泻为主的 IBS 患者，推荐补充车前子壳。越来越多的证据表明，低发酵寡糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇（FODMAP）饮食（LFD）对 IBS 症状有有益的影响。在日常饮食中应重新引入可耐受的 FODMAP，以提高饮食的可接受性，并限制潜在的有害影响。无麸质饮食的益处似乎是由 FODMAP 的减少而不是麸质决定的。使用益生菌来调节肠道微生物群显示出有希望的结果，但对于最佳菌株、剂量和治疗持续时间仍存在未解决的问题。对于益生元和合生菌在 IBS 中的作用，还需要更多的证据。
食物既是 IBS 症状的触发因素，也是治疗工具。最近的研究表明，LFD 对症状控制有有益的影响，益生菌也有作用，它似乎有助于肠道健康和功能。
