King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017 Nov;20(6):456-463. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000416.
The aim is to review the most recent advances in the evidence supporting the use of various dietary interventions for the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
There is insufficient evidence of the effect of fibres other than psyllium in IBS, whereas the recent studies on prebiotics suggest a limited effect in IBS. Recent probiotic trials continue to provide varying results, with some probiotic strains exhibiting beneficial effects, whereas others show no effect. Recent trials have also confirmed the clinical effectiveness of a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (i.e. low FODMAP diet) in IBS. Although gluten sensitivity has also been recently investigated, its presence cannot be confirmed yet because of the presence of other potential contributing compounds in wheat. Studies also suggest a potential beneficial effect of peppermint oil, which warrants further research.
It is clear that a low FODMAP diet has a beneficial effect in a majority of patients with IBS. Probiotics also have great potential in the management of IBS; however, it is still unclear which strains and doses are the most beneficial. Further research is needed on the effect of different fibres, or combinations of fibres, in IBS.
旨在回顾支持各种饮食干预措施用于治疗肠易激综合征（IBS）的最新证据进展。
除车前子纤维外，其他纤维对 IBS 没有足够的疗效证据，而最近关于益生元的研究表明，其对 IBS 的疗效有限。最近的益生菌试验继续提供不同的结果，一些益生菌菌株表现出有益的效果，而另一些则没有效果。最近的试验还证实了低可发酵寡糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇（即低 FODMAP 饮食）饮食在 IBS 中的临床有效性。尽管最近也研究了麸质敏感性，但由于小麦中存在其他潜在的相关化合物，其存在仍无法得到证实。研究还表明薄荷油可能具有潜在的有益作用，值得进一步研究。
低 FODMAP 饮食对大多数 IBS 患者有有益的效果，这一点是明确的。益生菌在 IBS 的治疗中也有很大的潜力；然而，目前仍不清楚哪些菌株和剂量最有益。需要进一步研究不同纤维或纤维组合对 IBS 的影响。
