State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2021 Mar;266:129182. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129182. Epub 2020 Dec 5.
Municipal solid waste landfill is now recognized as a significant reservoir of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigates the contamination of antibiotics resistance, in 10 leachate samples collected from four MSW landfills in north Italy spanning 34 years, including ARGs as well as mobile genetic element (MGEs). Antibiotics (0-434740 ng/L) and ARGs (5.56-6.85 × 10copies/μL leachate) were found in leachate. Abundances of the measured ARGs were found to be clustered into two groups with different changing tendencies with landfilling age in different landfills. Even though some antibiotics were banned or limited in Italy, they were found to still occur in landfills and drive the long-term contamination of ARGs indirectly, indicating the persistence of antibiotic resistance. What's more, the complexity of antibiotic resistance in leachate was found to synthetically relate to antibiotics, metals, microbes and MGEs presenting that Mn, SMX and EFC influence positively (p < 0.01) the contamination of tetW, tetQ, tetM, tetA, ermB, and cat, contributing importantly in new leachate. This study discusses the AR pollution of leachate in Italy where antibiotics are used the most in Europe, less reported in literatures. Our results suggest that a full-scale view for landfill antibiotics resistance should be considered with history of landfills, use of antibiotics and different phase in landfills, with both "relative static" and "dynamic tracking" perspective to focus on the principal antibiotic-resistance pollutants for leachate treatment, and raise the attention for landfill post-closure care and landfill mining.
城市固体废物填埋场现在被认为是抗生素和抗生素抗性基因 (ARGs) 的重要储存库。本研究调查了意大利北部四个城市固体废物填埋场的 10 个渗滤液样本中的抗生素抗性污染情况，包括 ARGs 和移动遗传元件 (MGEs)。在渗滤液中发现了抗生素（0-434740 ng/L）和 ARGs（5.56-6.85×10copies/μL 渗滤液）。在所测量的 ARGs 丰度中，发现它们聚集为两组，在不同的填埋场中，随着填埋年龄的变化趋势不同。尽管一些抗生素在意大利被禁止或限制使用，但仍在填埋场中发现它们的存在，并间接导致 ARGs 的长期污染，表明抗生素抗性的持久性。更重要的是，渗滤液中抗生素抗性的复杂性与抗生素、金属、微生物和 MGEs 综合相关，表明 Mn、SMX 和 EFC 对 tetW、tetQ、tetM、tetA、ermB 和 cat 的污染有积极影响（p<0.01），对新渗滤液有重要贡献。本研究讨论了欧洲抗生素使用最多的意大利渗滤液中的 AR 污染，这在文献中报道较少。我们的结果表明，对于填埋场抗生素抗性，应该考虑到填埋场的历史、抗生素的使用以及填埋场的不同阶段，从“相对静态”和“动态跟踪”的角度关注渗滤液处理的主要抗生素抗性污染物，并提高对填埋场封场后管理和填埋场开采的重视。
