Anand Uttpal, Reddy Bhaskar, Singh Vipin Kumar, Singh Amit Kishore, Kesari Kavindra Kumar, Tripathi Pooja, Kumar Pradeep, Tripathi Vijay, Simal-Gandara Jesus
Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India.
Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Apr 1;10(4):374. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10040374.
The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) directly at landfills or open dump areas, without segregation and treatment, is a significant concern due to its hazardous contents of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and metal resistance genes (MGEs). The released leachate from landfills greatly effects the soil physicochemical, biological, and groundwater properties associated with agricultural activity and human health. The abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MGEs have been reported worldwide, including MSW landfill sites, animal husbandry, wastewater, groundwater, soil, and aerosol. This review elucidates the occurrence and abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MRGs, which are regarded as emerging contaminants (ECs). Recently, ECs have received global attention because of their prevalence in leachate as a substantial threat to environmental and public health, including an economic burden for developing nations. The present review exclusively discusses the demands to develop a novel eco-friendly management strategy to combat these global issues. This review also gives an intrinsic discussion about the insights of different aspects of environmental and public health concerns caused due to massive leachate generation, the abundance of antibiotics resistance (AR), and the effects of released leachate on the various environmental reservoirs and human health. Furthermore, the current review throws light on the source and fate of different ECs of landfill leachate and their possible impact on the nearby environments (groundwater, surface water, and soil) affecting human health. The present review strongly suggests the demand for future research focuses on the advancement of the removal efficiency of contaminants with the improvement of relevant landfill management to reduce the potential effects of disposable waste. We propose the necessity of the identification and monitoring of potential environmental and human health risks associated with landfill leachate contaminants.
未经分类和处理，直接在垃圾填埋场或露天倾卸区处置城市固体废物（MSW），因其含有抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）、抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和金属抗性基因（MGEs）等有害物质，成为一个重大问题。垃圾填埋场排放的渗滤液对与农业活动和人类健康相关的土壤物理化学、生物学特性以及地下水特性产生重大影响。世界各地均报道了ARB、ARGs和MGEs的大量存在，包括城市固体垃圾填埋场、畜牧业、废水、地下水、土壤和气溶胶。本综述阐明了ARB、ARGs和MRGs作为新兴污染物（ECs）的存在情况和丰度。最近，ECs因其在渗滤液中的普遍存在而受到全球关注，它们对环境和公众健康构成重大威胁，对发展中国家来说也是一项经济负担。本综述专门讨论了制定新型环保管理策略以应对这些全球性问题的必要性。本综述还深入探讨了由于大量渗滤液产生、抗生素抗性（AR）的大量存在以及排放的渗滤液对各种环境库和人类健康造成的环境和公共卫生问题的不同方面。此外，本综述还阐述了垃圾填埋场渗滤液中不同ECs的来源和归宿及其对附近环境（地下水、地表水和土壤）可能影响人类健康的影响。本综述强烈建议未来的研究应聚焦于提高污染物去除效率以及改进相关垃圾填埋场管理，以减少一次性废物的潜在影响。我们提出有必要识别和监测与垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染物相关的潜在环境和人类健康风险。
