College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, PR China.
Water Res. 2021 Feb 15;190:116717. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116717. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have received great concern due to their environmental persistence and potential dioxin-like toxicities. Their presence in the marine sediment had been well characterized, but limited studies had investigated their environmental behaviors in the marine environment. In this study, we collected paired seawater (n = 48) and surface sediment samples (n = 48) from East China Sea and analyzed for carbazole (CZ) and 11 PHCZs to investigate the occurrence and spatial distribution of CZ and PHCZs in seawater and sediment, as well as to explore the partitioning behaviors of CZ and PHCZs between seawater and sediment. In seawater samples, CZ and nine PHCZs were detected, with the concentrations of ∑PHCZs ranging from 0.21 to 11 ng/L (mean 2.7 ng/L). CZ (94%), 3-CCZ (89%), 1368-CCZ (65%), and 36-CCZ (57%) had relatively higher detection frequencies. Among PHCZs, 36-CCZ (mean 1.1 ng/L) had the highest mean seawater concentration, followed by 3-CCZ (0.51 ng/L) and 1368-CCZ (0.19 ng/L). In sediment, CZ and 11 PHCZs were detected, with the concentrations of ∑PHCZs ranged from 0.34 to 2.0 ng/g (mean 1.0 ng/g). CZ, 3-CCZ, 3-BCZ, 36-CCZ, 27-BCZ, and 36-BCZ were measurable in all sediment samples, and 36-CCZ was the predominant PHCZ (0.47 ng/g, 0.025-1.1 ng/g), followed by 1368-BCZ (0.16 ng/g, <LOD-0.29 ng/g) and 3-BCZ (0.11 ng/g, 0.016-0.33 ng/g). This study first calculated the field-based log K values for CZ and PHCZs in marine environment. CZ (mean 2.8, range 1.4-3.6) had the highest log K value, followed by 36-CCZ (2.7, 1.7-3.8), 1-B-36-CCZ (2.7, 2.3-3.1), and 36-BCZ (2.5, 2.2-2.9). The results of study may contribute to the better understanding of the environmental occurrence and behaviors of these chemicals in the marine environment.
多卤代咔唑（PHCZs）因其环境持久性和潜在的二恶英类毒性而受到广泛关注。它们在海洋沉积物中的存在已经得到了很好的描述，但对它们在海洋环境中的环境行为的研究有限。在本研究中，我们从东海采集了配对的海水（n=48）和表层沉积物样品（n=48），并分析了咔唑（CZ）和 11 种多卤代咔唑，以研究 CZ 和多卤代咔唑在海水中和沉积物中的存在情况和空间分布，并探讨 CZ 和多卤代咔唑在海水中和沉积物之间的分配行为。在海水中样品中，检测到 CZ 和 9 种多卤代咔唑，∑PHCZs 的浓度范围为 0.21-11ng/L（平均值为 2.7ng/L）。CZ（94%）、3-CCZ（89%）、1368-CCZ（65%）和 36-CCZ（57%）的检测频率相对较高。在多卤代咔唑中，36-CCZ（平均 1.1ng/L）的海水浓度最高，其次是 3-CCZ（0.51ng/L）和 1368-CCZ（0.19ng/L）。在沉积物中，检测到 CZ 和 11 种多卤代咔唑，∑PHCZs 的浓度范围为 0.34-2.0ng/g（平均值为 1.0ng/g）。CZ、3-CCZ、3-BCZ、36-CCZ、27-BCZ 和 36-BCZ 均在所有沉积物样品中可测，36-CCZ 是主要的多卤代咔唑（0.47ng/g，0.025-1.1ng/g），其次是 1368-BCZ（0.16ng/g，<LOD-0.29ng/g）和 3-BCZ（0.11ng/g，0.016-0.33ng/g）。本研究首次计算了 CZ 和多卤代咔唑在海洋环境中的现场基础 log K 值。CZ（平均值 2.8，范围 1.4-3.6）的 log K 值最高，其次是 36-CCZ（2.7，1.7-3.8）、1-B-36-CCZ（2.7，2.3-3.1）和 36-BCZ（2.5，2.2-2.9）。研究结果可能有助于更好地了解这些化学物质在海洋环境中的环境存在和行为。
