University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Jan 5;55(1):44-64. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06653. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
The global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) poses an increasing threat to public health. CyanoHABs are characterized by the production of toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Human exposure to cyanotoxins is challenging to forecast, and perhaps the least understood exposure route is via inhalation. While the aerosolization of toxins from marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been well documented, the aerosolization of cyanotoxins in freshwater systems remains understudied. In recent years, spray aerosol (SA) produced in the airshed of the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States and Canada) has been characterized, suggesting that freshwater systems may impact atmospheric aerosol loading more than previously understood. Therefore, further investigation regarding the impact of CyanoHABs on human respiratory health is warranted. This review examines current research on the incorporation of cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins into SA of aquatic ecosystems which experience HABs. We present an overview of cyanotoxin fate in the environment, biological incorporation into SA, existing data on cyanotoxins in SA, relevant collection methods, and adverse health outcomes associated with cyanotoxin inhalation.
有害蓝藻水华（CyanoHABs）的全球扩张对公共健康构成了日益严重的威胁。CyanoHABs 的特征是产生有毒代谢物，称为蓝藻毒素。人类接触蓝藻毒素难以预测，也许最不为人知的暴露途径是通过吸入。虽然海洋有害藻华（HABs）产生的毒素的气溶胶化已得到充分记录，但淡水系统中蓝藻毒素的气溶胶化仍研究不足。近年来，已经对在北美五大湖（美国和加拿大）空气流域产生的喷雾气溶胶（SA）进行了表征，这表明淡水系统可能对大气气溶胶负荷的影响比以前所理解的要大。因此，有必要进一步研究 CyanoHABs 对人类呼吸健康的影响。这篇综述考察了当前关于将蓝藻细胞和蓝藻毒素纳入经历 HABs 的水生生态系统 SA 的研究。我们介绍了环境中蓝藻毒素命运、生物纳入 SA、SA 中蓝藻毒素的现有数据、相关采集方法以及与蓝藻毒素吸入相关的不良健康后果。
