The Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Green Transportation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 340-51, Republic of Korea.
Samsung Traffic Safety Research Institute, Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Bldg., 355 Gangnamdae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 066-26, Republic of Korea.
J Safety Res. 2020 Dec;75:78-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.08.003. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
Speeding is a crucial risk factor for pedestrian safety because it shortens reaction time while increasing the impact force in collisions. Various types of traffic calming measures to prevent speeding have been devised. A speed hump-a raised bump installed in the pavement-has been widely used for this purpose.
To evaluate the effectiveness of speed humps, the speed profiles of vehicles passing speed humps were analyzed along with pedestrian crash records near speed humps.
The speed profiles showed that vehicles gradually diminished their speeds starting 30 m ahead of speed humps and, immediately after passing the humps, accelerated to regain their original speeds within a distance of 30 m. This speed reduction effect is substantial on both local and major roads: 18.4% and 24.0% reduction in speeds, respectively. The analysis of pedestrian crash records revealed that, inside the zones of speed reduction effect near speed humps (i.e., ±30 m from speed humps), fewer pedestrian crashes per roadway distance occurred and pedestrian injuries were less severe, compared with events outside the effect zones. This safety improvement was greater on major roads than local roads. Practical Applications: This work finds that the speed reductions that occurred near speed humps were gradual and influential ±30 m from their locations, suggesting that the hump installations should be close enough to the pedestrian crossings. It is noteworthy that, albeit that speed humps are more prevalent on local roads, the benefits of speed reduction effects from speed humps were more pronounced on major roads than on local roads. Therefore, speed humps on major roads can be considered a more effective measure for pedestrian safety.
超速是行人安全的一个关键危险因素，因为它缩短了反应时间，同时增加了碰撞中的冲击力。已经设计出了各种类型的交通减速措施来防止超速。减速带——安装在路面上的凸起——已被广泛用于此目的。
为了评估减速带的效果，分析了车辆经过减速带时的速度曲线以及减速带附近的行人碰撞记录。
速度曲线显示，车辆从距减速带 30 米处开始逐渐减速，在经过减速带后，在 30 米的距离内加速恢复到原来的速度。这种减速效果在当地道路和主要道路上都很显著：速度分别降低了 18.4%和 24.0%。对行人碰撞记录的分析表明，在减速带附近的减速效果区域（即距减速带±30 米范围内），每段道路发生的行人碰撞事故较少，行人受伤程度较轻，而在效果区域外则发生了更多的行人碰撞事故和更严重的行人受伤。这种安全改善在主要道路上比在当地道路上更为显著。
这项研究发现，减速带附近的减速是逐渐发生的，在距其位置±30 米的范围内有影响，这表明减速带的安装位置应该足够靠近行人横道。值得注意的是，尽管减速带在当地道路上更为普遍，但减速带的减速效果在主要道路上比在当地道路上更为显著。因此，主要道路上的减速带可以被认为是提高行人安全的更有效措施。
