Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Neuromuscul Disord. 2021 Jan;31(1):5-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.11.001. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Dysphagia (impaired swallowing) is not a rare problem in various neuromuscular disorders, both in the pediatric and the adult patient population. On many occasions such patients are first presented to other medical specialists or health professionals. Disorders of deglutition are probably underrecognized in patients with a neuromuscular disease as a result of patient's and doctor's delay. This review will focus on dysphagia in adults suffering from a myopathy. Dysphagia in myopathies usually affects the oropharyngeal phases which rely mostly on voluntary muscle activity of the mouth, pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter. Dysphagia is known to contribute to a reduction of quality of life and may also lead to increased morbidity and mortality. The review includes an overview on symptomatology and tools of assessments, and elaborates on dysphagia in specific hereditary and acquired myopathies.
吞咽困难（吞咽障碍）在各种神经肌肉疾病中都较为常见，无论是在儿科还是成年患者群体中。很多时候，此类患者首先被介绍给其他医学专家或医疗保健专业人员。由于患者和医生的延误，神经肌肉疾病患者的吞咽障碍可能未被充分识别。本篇综述将聚焦于患有肌病的成年患者的吞咽困难。肌病引起的吞咽困难通常影响口咽期，口咽期主要依赖于口腔、咽和食管上括约肌的随意肌肉活动。已知吞咽困难会降低生活质量，还可能导致发病率和死亡率上升。综述包括对症状和评估工具的概述，并详细阐述了特定遗传性和获得性肌病中的吞咽困难。
