Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
BMJ Open. 2020 Dec 17;10(12):e037722. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037722.
To study the association between retirement characteristics and frailty in a homogenous population of former business executives.
Cross-sectional cohort study using data from the Helsinki Businessmen Study.
Helsinki, Finland.
1324 Caucasian men, born in 1919-1934, who had worked as business executives and managers and of whom 95.9% had retired by the year 2000. Questions on age at and type of retirement, lifestyle and chronic conditions were embedded in questionnaires.
Frailty assessed according to a modified phenotype definition at mean age 73.3 years.
Mean age at retirement was 61.3 years (SD 4.3) and 37.1% had retired due to old age. The prevalence of frailty was lowest among men retiring at ages 66-67 years but increased among those who worked up to age 70 years or older. Compared with men who retired before age 55 years, those retiring at ages 58-69 years were at decreased risk of frailty in old age relative to non-frailty (adjusted ORs 0.07-0.29, p<0.05). Compared with men who transitioned into old age retirement, those who retired due to disability were at increased risk of prefrailty (adjusted OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.32) and frailty (adjusted OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.97 to 6.29), relative to non-frailty.
Exiting working life early and continuing to be occupationally active until age 70 years and older were both associated with increased risk of frailty among the men. Promotion of longer work careers could, however, promote healthier ageing, as the lowest prevalence of frailty was observed in former business executives who retired at ages 66-67 years.
研究同质人群中前企业高管的退休特征与虚弱之间的关联。
使用赫尔辛基商人研究的数据进行的横断面队列研究。
芬兰赫尔辛基。
1324 名白种人男性，出生于 1919-1934 年，曾担任企业高管和经理，其中 95.9%的人在 2000 年之前退休。问卷调查中嵌入了关于退休年龄和类型、生活方式和慢性疾病的问题。
根据改良表型定义在平均年龄 73.3 岁时评估虚弱。
退休年龄平均为 61.3 岁（SD 4.3），37.1%因年老退休。在 66-67 岁退休的男性中虚弱的患病率最低，但在工作到 70 岁或以上的男性中患病率增加。与 55 岁前退休的男性相比，58-69 岁退休的男性在老年时相对于非虚弱者发生虚弱的风险降低（调整后的 OR 0.07-0.29，p<0.05）。与过渡到老年退休的男性相比，因残疾而退休的男性发生虚弱前期（调整后的 OR 1.53，95%CI 1.01 至 2.32）和虚弱（调整后的 OR 3.52，95%CI 1.97 至 6.29）的风险增加，与非虚弱者相比。
提前退出工作生活并继续从事职业活动直至 70 岁及以上，与男性的虚弱风险增加有关。然而，促进更长的职业生涯可能会促进更健康的衰老，因为在 66-67 岁退休的前企业高管中观察到虚弱的患病率最低。
