Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Unaffiliated, Rehovot, Israel.
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 17;10(1):22225. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79299-7.
In humans, sleep regulation is tightly linked to social times that assign local time to events, such as school, work, or meals. The impact of these social times, collectively-social time pressure, on sleep has been studied epidemiologically via quantification of the discrepancy between sleep times on workdays and those on work-free days. This discrepancy is known as the social jetlag (SJL). COVID-19-mandated social restrictions (SR) constituted a global intervention by affecting social times worldwide. We launched a Global Chrono Corona Survey (GCCS) that queried sleep-wake times before and during SR (preSR and inSR). 11,431 adults from 40 countries responded between April 4 and May 6, 2020. The final sample consisted of 7517 respondents (68.2% females), who had been 32.7 ± 9.1 (mean ± sd) days under SR. SR led to robust changes: mid-sleep time on workdays and free days was delayed by 50 and 22 min, respectively; sleep duration increased on workdays by 26 min but shortened by 9 min on free days; SJL decreased by ~ 30 min. On workdays inSR, sleep-wake times in most people approached those of their preSR free days. Changes in sleep duration and SJL correlated with inSR-use of alarm clocks and were larger in young adults. The data indicate a massive sleep deficit under pre-pandemic social time pressure, provide insights to the actual sleep need of different age-groups and suggest that tolerable SJL is about 20 min. Relaxed social time pressure promotes more sleep, smaller SJL and reduced use of alarm clocks.
在人类中，睡眠调节与将本地时间分配给事件的社交时间紧密相关，例如学校、工作或用餐时间。这些社交时间（统称为社会时间压力）对睡眠的影响已通过量化工作日和休息日的睡眠时间差异来进行流行病学研究。这种差异被称为社会时差（SJL）。COVID-19 强制实施的社会限制（SR）通过影响全球的社交时间，构成了一项全球干预。我们发起了一项全球生物钟冠状病毒调查（GCCS），调查了 SR 之前和期间的睡眠-觉醒时间（preSR 和 inSR）。2020 年 4 月 4 日至 5 月 6 日，来自 40 个国家的 11431 名成年人做出了回应。最终样本由 7517 名受访者（68.2%为女性）组成，他们已经受到 SR 的限制 32.7±9.1（平均值±标准差）天。SR 导致了明显的变化：工作日和休息日的中间睡眠时间分别延迟了 50 和 22 分钟；工作日的睡眠时间增加了 26 分钟，但休息日的睡眠时间缩短了 9 分钟；SJL 减少了约 30 分钟。在 inSR 的工作日，大多数人的睡眠-觉醒时间接近 preSR 的休息日。睡眠时间和 SJL 的变化与 inSR 使用闹钟相关，并且在年轻人中更为明显。这些数据表明，在大流行前的社会时间压力下，人们存在严重的睡眠不足问题，为不同年龄段的实际睡眠需求提供了深入了解，并表明可容忍的 SJL 约为 20 分钟。放松的社会时间压力可以促进更多的睡眠、更小的 SJL 和减少闹钟的使用。
