Gubin Denis, Weinert Dietmar, Stefani Oliver, Otsuka Kuniaki, Borisenkov Mikhail, Cornelissen Germaine
Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia.
Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Jan 30;15(3):327. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15030327.
Wearable devices have gained increasing attention for use in multifunctional applications related to health monitoring, particularly in research of the circadian rhythms of cognitive functions and metabolic processes. In this comprehensive review, we encompass how wearables can be used to study circadian rhythms in health and disease. We highlight the importance of these rhythms as markers of health and well-being and as potential predictors for health outcomes. We focus on the use of wearable technologies in sleep research, circadian medicine, and chronomedicine beyond the circadian domain and emphasize actigraphy as a validated tool for monitoring sleep, activity, and light exposure. We discuss various mathematical methods currently used to analyze actigraphic data, such as parametric and non-parametric approaches, linear, non-linear, and neural network-based methods applied to quantify circadian and non-circadian variability. We also introduce novel actigraphy-derived markers, which can be used as personalized proxies of health status, assisting in discriminating between health and disease, offering insights into neurobehavioral and metabolic status. We discuss how lifestyle factors such as physical activity and light exposure can modulate brain functions and metabolic health. We emphasize the importance of establishing reference standards for actigraphic measures to further refine data interpretation and improve clinical and research outcomes. The review calls for further research to refine existing tools and methods, deepen our understanding of circadian health, and develop personalized healthcare strategies.
可穿戴设备在与健康监测相关的多功能应用中越来越受到关注，尤其是在认知功能和代谢过程的昼夜节律研究方面。在这篇全面综述中，我们探讨了可穿戴设备如何用于研究健康和疾病中的昼夜节律。我们强调这些节律作为健康和幸福的标志以及健康结果潜在预测指标的重要性。我们关注可穿戴技术在睡眠研究、昼夜医学以及昼夜领域之外的时间医学中的应用，并强调活动记录仪是监测睡眠、活动和光照暴露的有效工具。我们讨论了目前用于分析活动记录仪数据的各种数学方法，例如参数和非参数方法、应用于量化昼夜和非昼夜变异性的线性、非线性和基于神经网络的方法。我们还介绍了新的源自活动记录仪的标志物，它们可作为健康状况的个性化指标，有助于区分健康与疾病，深入了解神经行为和代谢状况。我们讨论了身体活动和光照暴露等生活方式因素如何调节脑功能和代谢健康。我们强调为活动记录仪测量建立参考标准对于进一步完善数据解释和改善临床及研究结果的重要性。这篇综述呼吁进一步开展研究，以完善现有工具和方法，加深我们对昼夜健康的理解，并制定个性化医疗策略。
